BACKGROUND: Dental malpractice claims, which pertain to legal actions against dentists accused of clinical negligence that caused harm to patients, have increased in the past ten years in South Korea. The claims are caused by complications, particularly trigeminal nerve injuries, resulting from various dental procedures. Medicolegal issues related to trigeminal nerve injury have not been previously described in South Korea. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to identify the general, dental, and judicial characteristics of closed dental malpractice claims.
METHODS: This study was designed as a descriptive study. We collected the data of 51 closed claims related to trigeminal nerve injury resulting from dental procedures such as dental implant emplacement, tooth extraction, and local anesthesia. The claims were decided by courts in South Korea between 2016 and 2023. The general, dental, and judicial characteristics of the claims were analyzed retrospectively.
RESULTS: The average claim resolution period was 4.2 (range: 1.47-8.39) years post-adverse events that occurred more frequently in dental clinics (68.6 %) than in dental (25.5 %) or general hospitals (5.9 %). Inferior alveolar (66.7 %) and lingual (17.6 %) nerves were injured following dental procedures. The duty to inform was breached in 68.6 % of claims. The dental procedure performed (P < 0.001) and the injured nerve (P < 0.001) were associated with the violation of the duty to care.
CONCLUSIONS: To improve the quality of dental care services, the analysis of the adverse events using various resources including judgments should be strongly addressed.

Emmanuel-Joseph Sieyès\'s 1795 proposal for a Constitutional Jury is usually portrayed as the first proposal for an institution to control the constitutionality of laws, and thus the ancestor of the modern constitutional court. Challenging this view, this article resituates the Constitutional Jury in a broader transatlantic tradition concerned with creating a conservative power, a non-judicial and explicitly political constitutional guardian, and demonstrates the influence of the 1776 Pennsylvania Council of Censors on Sieyès\'s Constitutional Jury. Drawing upon the insights provided by this tradition, it then reevaluates the history of constitutionalism and the contemporary crisis of constitutional guardianship.

Objective First responders\' mandatory reports of mental health episodes requiring emergency hospital care contain rich information about patients and their needs. In Queensland (Australia) much of the information contained in Emergency Examination Authorities (EEAs) remains unused. We propose and demonstrate a methodology to extract and translate vital information embedded in reports like EEAs and to use it to investigate the extreme propensity of incidence of serious mental health episodes. Methods The proposed method integrates clinical, demographic, spatial and free text information into a single data collection. The data is subjected to exploratory analysis for spatial pattern recognition leading to an observational epidemiology model for the association of maximum spatial recurrence of EEA episodes. Results Sentiment analysis revealed that among EEA presentations hospital and health service (HHS) region #4 had the lowest proportion of positive sentiments (18 %) compared to 33 % for HHS region #1 pointing to spatial differentiation of sentiments immanent in mandated free text which required more detailed analysis. At the postcode geographical level, we found that variation in maximum spatial recurrence of EEAs was significantly positively associated with spatial range of sentiments (0.29, p < 0.001) and the postcode-referenced sex ratio (0.45, p = 0.01). The volatility of sentiments significantly correlated with extremes of recurrence of EEA episodes. The predicted (probabilistic) incidence rate when mapped reflected this correlation. Conclusions The paper demonstrates the efficacy of integrating, machine extracted, human sentiments (as potential surrogates) with conventional exposure variables for evidence-based methods for mental health spatial epidemiology. Such insights from informatics-driven epidemiological observations may inform the strategic allocation of health system resources to address the highest levels of need and to improve the standard of care for mental patients while also enhancing their safe and humane treatment and management.

PALLIATIVE CARE AND LEGISLATION. Defined by the circular of August 26, 1986, palliative care is provided to people at the end of life, helping to relieve their suffering. Since the law of June 9, 1999, access to palliative care has been a right of all patients. With a view to alleviating suffering, human resources are mobilized to support the sick person. While human relationships play a central role, technology is also called. Caregivers have a responsibility to provide palliative care, as they are bound by professional ethics. Doctors and nurses have a duty to accompany the dying person to his final moments, ensuring the quality of a life that is coming to an end through appropriate care and measures. They are liable for any breach.
SOINS PALLIATIFS ET LÉGISLATION. Définis par la circulaire du 26 août 1986, les soins palliatifs sont dispensés à des personnes en fin de vie et contribuent au soulagement des souffrances. Depuis la loi du 9 juin 1999, l’accès aux soins palliatifs est un droit des personnes malades. Dans une optique de conjuration de la souffrance, des moyens humains sont mobilisés à travers l’accompagnement de la personne malade. Si les relations humaines occupent une place centrale, la technique est également sollicitée. Les soignants ont une responsabilité dans la délivrance des soins palliatifs, puisque la déontologie les y oblige. Le médecin et l’infirmier ont notamment le devoir d’accompagner le mourant jusqu’à ses derniers moments en assurant, par des soins et mesures appropriés, la qualité d’une vie qui prend fin. Leur responsabilité est engagée en cas de manquement.

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This article proposes a reading of Sophie de Grouchy\'s moral, political, and economic thought as embedded in the tradition of natural jurisprudence, adapted to the context of the French First Republic. A close reading of her French translation of Adam Smith\'s Theory of Moral Sentiment and her eight Letters on Sympathy confirms that there are points to be made by reading her works in the context of the language of early modern natural law. This sheds light on the important question of how to read revolutionary republicanism emanating from multiple traditions other than the neo-Roman discourse of non-domination.

UNASSIGNED: The objective of this study was to determine the minimum number of teeth in the anterior dental arch that would yield accurate results for individual identification in forensic contexts.
UNASSIGNED: The study involved the analysis of 28 sets of 3-dimensional (3D) point cloud data, focused on the labial surface of the anterior teeth. These datasets were superimposed within each group in both genuine and imposter pairs. Group A incorporated data from the right to the left central incisor, group B from the right to the left lateral incisor, and group C from the right to the left canine. A comprehensive analysis was conducted, including the evaluation of root mean square error (RMSE) values and the distances resulting from the superimposition of dental arch segments. All analyses were conducted using CloudCompare version 2.12.4 (Telecom ParisTech and R&D, Kyiv, Ukraine).
UNASSIGNED: The distances between genuine pairs in groups A, B, and C displayed an average range of 0.153 to 0.184 mm. In contrast, distances for imposter pairs ranged from 0.338 to 0.522 mm. RMSE values for genuine pairs showed an average range of 0.166 to 0.177, whereas those for imposter pairs ranged from 0.424 to 0.638. A statistically significant difference was observed between the distances of genuine and imposter pairs (P<0.05).
UNASSIGNED: The exceptional performance observed for the labial surfaces of anterior teeth underscores their potential as a dependable criterion for accurate 3D dental identification. This was achieved by assessing a minimum of 4 teeth.

This technical note reviews the plethora of concentration units used to report blood-alcohol concentration (BAC) and breath-alcohol concentrations (BrAC) for legal purposes in different countries. The choice of units sometimes causes confusion when scientific papers originating from a certain country might be introduced into evidence via expert testimony, such as when alcohol-related crimes are prosecuted. The concentration units are also important to consider when blood/breath ratios (BBRs) of alcohol are calculated and compared between countries. Statutory BAC limits for driving in most nations are reported in mass/volume (m/v) units, such as g/100 mL (g%) in the United States, mg/100 mL (mg%) in the United Kingdom and Republic of Ireland, or g/L (mg/mL) in many EU nations. By contrast, Germany and the Nordic countries report BAC as mass/mass (m/m) units, hence g/kg or mg/g, which are ~5.5% lower than m/v units, because whole blood has an average density of 1.055 g/mL. There are historical reasons for reporting BAC in mass/mass units because the aliquots of blood analyzed were measured by weight rather than volume. The difference between m/m and m/v is also important in postmortem toxicology, such as when distribution ratios of ethanol between blood and other biological specimens, such as urine, vitreous humor, and cerebrospinal fluid, are reported.

This Viewpoint breaks down the myriad ways the Alabama Supreme Court decision to declare frozen embryos as legal equivalents to children harms the health of mothers and fetuses, limits reproductive decision-making based on genetics and out-of-reach costs, and impedes research.

UNASSIGNED: Organ transplantation is one of the most successful advances in modern medicine. However, a legal system is necessary for its practice to be free from ethical flaws and to respect donors, recipients, and family members.
UNASSIGNED: To map the global legislation regulating the donation, capture and distribution processes of organs and tissues from deceased donors for transplants.
UNASSIGNED: A scoping review according to the Joanna Briggs Institute was conducted in the following databases: Medline, CINAHL, Virtual Health Library, SCOPUS, Web of Science, Science Direct, and EMBASE, as well as gray literature, and reported according to the PRISMA extension for scoping reviews.
UNASSIGNED: We identified 3302 records, of which 77 were analyzed which enabled mapping the type of consent adopted and the existence of current legislation for harvesting organs and tissues after circulatory and brain death.
UNASSIGNED: Opt-out consent predominates in Europe, and there is harvesting after brain and circulatory death. Opt-out predominates in the Americas, while Opt-in and harvesting of organs and tissues after brain death predominate in Asia and Oceania. The procurement of organs and tissues from deceased donors is practically non-existent in Africa.