我们使用动态惯性和磁性测量单元(IMMU)开发并评估了用于肌肉骨骼模型的新运动学驱动器。新驾驶员使用基于每个IMMU的传感器融合的方向估计,并受益于肌肉骨骼模型的两个重要属性。首先,这些模型包含更复杂的,解剖学,运动模型比目前用于多个IMMU的传感器融合的运动模型不断改进。第二,他们允许运动之间的段和测量的传感器。对于三个不同的任务,新的IMMU驱动程序,(光学)标记驱动器和两者的组合用于重建运动。发现髋关节相对于银标准(IMMU/标记驱动器组合)的最大均方根(RMS)关节角度差;4°,下蹲时2°和5°,用于IMMU驱动的重建的步态和滑板任务,与6°相比,5°和5°用于标记驱动的重建,分别。测得的角速度最好地对应于IMMU驱动的重建,最大RMS差为66°/s,与标记驱动重建和银标准的108°/s和91°/s相比。然而,在IMMU驱动的重建过程中,全球加速度发生了较大的振荡,导致相对于23m/s2的测量加速度的最大RMS差异,而包括标记驱动器的重建则为9m/s2。新的驱动程序有助于在当前可用的生物力学模型中直接实现基于IMMU的方向估计。因此,它可以帮助快速扩展基于室外测量的生物力学分析。
We developed and evaluated a new kinematic driver for musculoskeletal models using ambulatory inertial and magnetic measurement units (IMMUs). The new driver uses the orientation estimates based on sensor fusion of each individual IMMU and benefits from two important properties of musculoskeletal models. First, these models contain more complex, anatomical, kinematic models than those currently used for sensor fusion of multiple IMMUs and are continuously improved. Second, they allow movement between segment and measured sensor. For three different tasks, the new IMMU driver, (optical) marker drivers and a combination of both were used to reconstruct the motion. Maximal root mean square (RMS) joint angle differences with respect to the silver standard (combined IMMU/marker drivers) were found for the hip joint; 4°, 2° and 5° during squat, gait and slideboard tasks for IMMU-driven reconstructions, compared with 6°, 5° and 5° for marker-driven reconstructions, respectively. The measured angular velocities corresponded best to the IMMU-driven reconstructions, with a maximal RMS difference of 66°/s, compared with 108°/s and 91°/s for marker-driven reconstructions and silver standard. However, large oscillations in global accelerations occurred during IMMU-driven reconstructions resulting in a maximal RMS difference with respect to measured acceleration of 23 m/s2, compared with 9 m/s2 for reconstructions that included marker drivers. The new driver facilitates direct implementation of IMMU-based orientation estimates in currently available biomechanical models. As such, it can help in the rapid expansion of biomechanical analysis based on outdoor measurements.