铁在植物叶绿素合成中起着至关重要的作用,呼吸,和植物生长。然而,铁含量超标会导致人参中毒。我们先前发现,硅(Si)和钾(K)的应用可以减轻铁对人参的毒性。阐明Si和K减轻人参铁毒性胁迫的分子机制。我们研究了外源Si和K对人参的生理和转录作用。结果表明,在铁胁迫下,添加Si和K的人参叶片抗氧化酶活性或次生代谢产物含量增加,如苯丙氨酸氨基裂解酶,多酚氧化酶,抗坏血酸过氧化物酶,总酚和木质素,6.21%-25.94%,30.12%-309.19%,32.26%-38.82%,7.81%-23.66%,和4.68%-48.42%,分别。此外,Si和K增加了与对生物和非生物胁迫的抗性相关的差异表达基因(DEG)的表达,包括WRKY(WRKY1、WRKY5和WRKY65),bHLH(bHLH35、bHLH66、bHLH128和bHLH149),EREBP,ERF10和ZIP。此外,通过添加Si和K,人参的DEGs量在代谢过程中富集,单有机体过程途径,信号转导,新陈代谢,合成和抗病性。总之,硅和钾的利用可以潜在地减少人参中铁的积累,调节铁耐受基因的表达,并增强叶片和根部的抗氧化酶活性和次生代谢产物的产生,从而缓解人参中铁的毒性胁迫。
Iron plays a crucial role in plant chlorophyll synthesis, respiration, and plant growth. However, excessive iron content can contribute to ginseng poisoning. We previously discovered that the application of silicon (Si) and potassium (K) can mitigate the iron toxicity on ginseng. To elucidate the molecular mechanism of how Si and K alleviate iron toxicity stress in ginseng. We investigated the physiological and transcriptional effects of exogenous Si and K on Panax ginseng. The results suggested that the leaves of ginseng with Si and K addition under iron stress increased antioxidant enzyme activity or secondary metabolite content, such as phenylalanine amino-lyase, polyphenol oxidase, ascorbate peroxidase, total phenols and lignin, by 6.21%-25.94%, 30.12%-309.19%, 32.26%-38.82%, 7.81%-23.66%, and 4.68%-48.42%, respectively. Moreover, Si and K increased the expression of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) associated with resistance to both biotic and abiotic stress, including WRKY (WRKY1, WRKY5, and WRKY65), bHLH (bHLH35, bHLH66, bHLH128, and bHLH149), EREBP, ERF10 and ZIP. Additionally, the amount of DEGs of ginseng by Si and K addition was enriched in metabolic processes, single-organism process pathways, signal transduction, metabolism, synthesis and disease resistance. In conclusion, the utilization of Si and K can potentially reduce the accumulation of iron in ginseng, regulate the expression of iron tolerance genes, and enhance the antioxidant enzyme activity and secondary metabolite production in both leaves and roots, thus alleviating the iron toxicity stress in ginseng.