硅(Si)的氧化物,锰(Mn),和锌(Zn)已被用作土壤改良剂,以减少稻田土壤系统中As的迁移率和吸收。然而,据推测,根据土壤pH值,这些修正案会受到不同的影响,并且它们对稻田系统中As形态的影响尚未完全了解。在这里,我们使用微观实验来研究天然富硅粉煤灰和合成的Mn和Zn氧化物对孔隙水化学随时间发展的影响,包括水性As形态(As(III),如(V),MMA,DMA,和DMMTA)和固相As溶解度,在28天的洪水和随后的14天的排水过程中,在有或没有土壤酸化(硫酸)的天然钙质土壤中。我们发现土壤酸化至pH4.5会大大增加Si的溶解度,Fe,Mn,和锌与非酸化土壤相比。Mn和Zn氧化物的添加降低了未酸化土壤中溶解的亚砷酸盐和砷酸盐的浓度,而Zn氧化物和Si-Zn氧化物的添加增加了酸化土壤中溶解的亚砷酸盐和砷酸盐的浓度。富含Si的粉煤灰不会增加酸化和非酸化土壤中的溶解Si和As。在土壤泛滥的后期,主要在酸化土壤中观察到二甲基一硫代砷酸盐(DMMTA)。最初28天的土壤淹没降低了可溶性和可交换的砷的水平,并增加了与锰氧化物相关的砷,而随后14天的土壤排水扭转了这一趋势。这项研究强调,土壤酸化控制了Ca和Fe的溶解,从而影响土壤pH-Eh缓冲能力,Si的溶解度,Mn,和锌氧化物,以及氧化还原波动下富含碳酸盐和酸性土壤中不同砷物种的迁移率。
Oxides of silicon (Si), manganese (Mn), and zinc (Zn) have been used as soil amendments to reduce As mobility and uptake in paddy soil systems. However, these amendments are hypothesized to be affected differently depending on the soil pH and their effect on As speciation in rice paddy systems is not fully understood. Herein, we used a microcosm experiment to investigate the effects of natural Si-rich fly ash and synthetic Mn and Zn oxides on the temporal development of porewater chemistry, including aqueous As speciation (As(III), As(V), MMA, DMA, and DMMTA) and solid-phase As solubility, in a naturally calcareous soil with or without soil acidification (with sulfuric acid) during 28 days of flooding and subsequent 14 days of drainage. We found that soil acidification to pH 4.5 considerably increased the solubility of Si, Fe, Mn, and Zn compared to the non-acidified soil. Additions of Mn and Zn oxides decreased the concentrations of dissolved arsenite and arsenate in the non-acidified soil whereas additions of Zn oxide and combined Si-Zn oxides increased them in the acidified soil. The Si-rich fly ash did not increase dissolved Si and As in the acidified and non-acidified soils. Dimethylated monothioarsenate (DMMTA) was mainly observed in the acidified soil during the later stage of soil flooding. The initial 28 days of soil flooding decreased the levels of soluble and exchangeable As and increased As associated with Mn oxides, whereas the subsequent 14 days of soil drainage reversed the trend. This study highlighted that soil acidification considerably controlled the solubilization of Ca and Fe, thus influencing the soil pH-Eh buffering capacity, the solubility of Si, Mn, and Zn oxides, and the mobility of different As species in carbonate-rich and acidic soils under redox fluctuations.