暂无摘要。

Cutaneous adverse drug reactions collectively are delayed drug reactions such as morbilliform drug eruption and severe cutaneous adverse reactions (SCARs). Morbilliform drug eruption may wane over time, be the result of drug viral interactions, and be amenable to slow reintroduction or rechallenge, whereas SCARs are HLA class I restricted, T-cell-mediated reactions that demonstrate durable immunity and warrant lifelong avoidance. SCARs such as drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms, Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis, acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis, and generalized bullous fixed drug eruption often occur in the setting of multiple drugs dosed together. Collectively, they lead to significant morbidity, mortality, and drug safety concerns that could severely limit future treatment options. Currently, no single or combination of diagnostic tests for SCARs such as ex vivo or in vitro testing, in vivo (skin) testing, or other adjunctive tests such as HLA typing have 100% negative predictive value. In this \"Controversies in Allergy Review\" article, we review the current literature on delayed skin testing (patch and delayed prick/intradermal test) and critically assess the evidence base of its utility across different drugs and clinical phenotypes of delayed hypersensitivity reactions.

暂无摘要。

BACKGROUND: Immediate IgE-mediated hypersensitivity reactions to polyethylene glycol (PEG) are rare. Our understanding of PEG hypersensitivity is limited.
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical characteristics and investigation outcomes of the largest cohort of patients with PEG allergy reported.
METHODS: A total of 44 patients investigated for suspected PEG allergy across 4 United Kingdom tertiary allergy centers between October 2013 and December 2020 were studied. Clinical characteristics, index reaction, and approaches to and outcomes of allergy investigations were analyzed.
RESULTS: PEG hypersensitivity was confirmed in 42 of 44 cases. Macrogol laxatives were the most common index drugs reported (23%), followed by depo-medroxyprogesterone (19%), oral penicillin V (10%), and depo-methylprednisolone (10%). In general, 61% experienced grade III anaphylaxis. Intradermal testing (IDT) increased the diagnostic sensitivity from 51% to 85%. Five patients experienced systemic reactions during IDT. Of the 5 patients, 2 were skin prick test positive to a high molecular weight PEG. Three patients with negative skin test results had positive drug provocation test results. Seven patients with PEG allergy reported tolerance to H1-antihistamines containing PEG. Administration of messenger RNA COVID-19 or Oxford/AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccines was tolerated in all 16 patients to whom they were administered.
CONCLUSIONS: PEG hypersensitivity is an uncommon cause of drug-induced anaphylaxis. Four index drugs accounted for two-thirds of the cases, and reactions to these drugs should prompt PEG hypersensitivity investigations. PEG IDT increases diagnostic yield. The role of skin prick test with higher molecular weight PEGs requires further attention. Further studies are required to understand PEG thresholds and PEG equivalent doses of various administration routes. COVID-19 vaccines were tolerated by all exposed.

BACKGROUND: Intradermal testing (IDT) with iodinated contrast media (ICMs) is an established diagnostic tool in patients with ICM hypersensitivity. Currently, it is unclear which test concentration is the more useful one, up to pure or up to 1:10 diluted ICMs.
METHODS: We searched the literature database PubMed for eligible papers dealing with ICM allergy and their IDT results. We analyzed the data presented by the papers and compared the pooled groups tested with diluted and undiluted ICMs.
RESULTS: We identified 29 eligible original papers, and extracted data of 1137 patients that formed the study population. Although in the cohort tested with diluted ICMs the number of tested ICMs was greater, the percentage of positive tests was significantly less (9.0% vs. 24.7%; P < 0.0001; OR 0.30 [0.26-0.34]). The frequency of positive tested culprit ICMs was also lesser in the group tested with diluted ICMs (31.0% vs. 72.5%; P < 0.0001; OR 0.17 [0.12-0.23]). The number of drug provocation tests (DPTs) was greater in patients with diluted IDTs (374 vs. 89; P < 0.0001; OR 2.54 [1.93-3.36]). We detected an increased sensitivity in patients with undiluted tests (0.774 vs. 0.282) and a nearly identical specificity in both groups (1 vs. 0.983).
CONCLUSIONS: For the first time, we show that IDT up to pure ICM concentrations is superior to using diluted ICMs only. Possibly, we can reduce the number of DPTs when performing IDTs with pure ICMs. In the undiluted group, there were no hints for skin irritations or unspecific test reactions.

Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) constitutes a global challenge for public and animal health with still some deficiencies regarding its diagnosis. This study aimed to estimate the accuracy of the single intradermal tuberculin test (SIT) and post-mortem inspection for different diagnostic objectives following WOAH guidelines. Tissue samples from 59 microbiological culture/PCR-positive and 58 microbiological culture/PCR-negative cattle were evaluated. The diagnostic sensitivity and specificity, the positive and negative probability indices as well as the positive and negative predictive values (PPV and NPV) of each technique were estimated for different pretest probabilities. The SIT with strict interpretation demonstrated moderate precision in confirming the absence of infection in populations historically free of bTB, with a 12.1% rate of false positives, but also detecting positive animals in the early stage of the eradication programs, with a 13.6% rate of false negatives. The diagnostic performance for ruling out bTB was notably high (NPV > 90%) in animals with a pre-test probability (PTP) below 42%. Post-mortem inspection constituted an interesting alternative tool to confirm suspected and positive cases for SIT, particularly in areas with bTB prevalence exceeding 19%, where implementing SIT and eradication measures may be impractical. In these areas, the likelihood that animals with tuberculosis-like lesions are affected by the disease surpasses 90%. Similarly, in herds with a PTP below 25%, the absence of bTB could be confidently ruled out with over 90% certainty. These findings highlight the effectiveness of SIT and post-mortem inspection as valuable techniques for current eradication programs and controlling bTB in high-prevalence areas where molecular techniques may not be feasible.

BACKGROUND: Allergen testing is used to select antigens included in the desensitisation vaccine. Intradermal skin test (IDT) is the gold standard in cats, yet allergen-specific immunoglobulin (Ig)E serological testing (ASIS) is often used. Feline data are lacking regarding the agreement between IDT and ASIS results.
OBJECTIVE: The first objective of the study was to establish a colony of cats with naturally acquired feline atopic syndrome (FAS). Further objectives were to define their hypersensitivity disorder to detail the allergen tests results, and to assess similarity between the allergen tests.
METHODS: Thirty-five cats with FAS and 10 control cats.
METHODS: Enrolled cats went through a five phase-screening and quarantine process before joining the colony. An elimination diet trial was performed on all FAS cats. ASIS and IDT were consecutively performed on all cats under sedation.
RESULTS: Reactions to 34 allergens were compiled for the 45 cats. Global sensitivity and specificity of ASIS were 34.7% and 78.9%, respectively. Only flea (ICC = 0.26, p = 0.040) and Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (ICC = 0.48, p < 0.001) allergens had a significant intraclass correlation (weak agreement). Two FAS cats had negative tests including one cat with a concomitant food allergy.
CONCLUSIONS: This study depicts the first reported colony of cats with naturally acquired FAS. This is the first feline study to compare and show the poor agreement between allergen tests with a panel of 34 allergens. This colony also harbours two cats with FAS with negative allergen tests. These may represent the first described cats with an intrinsic form of atopic syndrome.
UNASSIGNED: Allergentests werde eingesetzt, um Antigene, die in der Immuntherapie inkludiert werden, auszuwählen. Bei den Katzen ist der Intradermaltest (IDT) der goldene Standard, allerdings werden serologische Untersuchungen (ASIS) auf Allergen‐spezifisches Immunglobulin (Ig) E oft verwendet. Es gibt bei den Katzen keine Daten, die eine Übereinstimmung zwischen IDT und ASIS‐Ergebnissen beschreiben.
UNASSIGNED: Das erste Ziel dieser Studie war es, eine Katzenkolonie mit natürlich‐erworbenem felinen atopischem Syndrom (FAS) zu gründen. Weitere Ziele waren ihre Hypersensibilität zu definieren, um die Ergebnisse der Allergentests zu detaillieren und um eine Ähnlichkeit zwischen den Allergietests zu erfassen.
UNASSIGNED: Fünfunddreißig Katzen mit FAS und 10 Kontrollkatzen.
UNASSIGNED: Ausgewählte Katzen durchliefen ein fünf Phasen‐Screening und einen Quarantäneprozess, bevor sie in die Kolonie aufgenommen wurden. Eine Eliminationsdiät wurde bei allen FAS Katzen durchgeführt. ASIS und IDT wurden in der Folge bei allen Katzen unter Sedierung durchgeführt.
UNASSIGNED: Es wurden die Reaktionen auf 34 Allergene bei 45 Katzen erfasst. Die gesamte Sensibilität und Spezifität des ASIS betrug 34,7% bzw 78,9%. Nur Floh (ICC = 0,26, p = 0,040) und Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (ICC= 0,48, p < 0,001) Allergene zeigten eine signifikante Intraklassen Korrelation (schwache Übereinstimmung). Zwei FAS Katzen hatten negative Tests, darunter war eine Katze mit einer gleichzeitigen Futtermittelallergie.
UNASSIGNED: Diese Studie beschreibt die erste publizierte Kolonie von Katzen mit natürlich‐erworbenem FAS. Es handelt sich hierbei um die erste feline Studie, die die schwache Übereinstimmung zwischen Allergentests mit einem Panel von 34 Allergenen vergleicht. In dieser Kolonie waren auch zwei Katzen mit FAS mit negativen Allergietests. Dabei könnte es sich um die ersten beschriebenen Katzen handeln, die eine intrinsische Form des atopischen Syndroms aufweisen.
背景: 过敏原检测用于选择脱敏疫苗中的抗原。皮内试验(IDT)是猫的金标准，但过敏原特异性免疫球蛋白(Ig)E血清学试验(ASIS)经常被使用。缺乏关于IDT和ASIS结果之间一致性的猫数据。 假设/目的: 本研究的第一个目的是建立一个自然发病的猫特应性综合征(FAS)的病患群体。进一步的目的是定义其超敏反应疾病，详细说明过敏原测试结果，并评估过敏原测试之间的相似性。 动物: 35只FAS患猫和10只对照猫。 材料和方法: 被招募的猫在入组之前经历了五个阶段的筛查和检疫过程。对所有FAS猫进行食物排出试验。对所有处于镇静状态的猫接连进行ASIS和IDT。 结果: 收集了45只猫对34种过敏原的反应。ASIS的总体敏感性和特异性分别为34.7%和78.9%。只有跳蚤(ICC=0.26，p=0.040)和屋尘螨(ICC=0.48，p<0.001)过敏原具有显著的组内相关性(弱一致性)。两只FAS猫的检测结果呈阴性，其中一只猫伴有食物过敏。 结论和临床相关性: 本研究首次报道了自然发病的FAS患猫群体。这是第一项关于猫的研究，比较并显示过敏原测试与34种过敏原之间的一致性差。该群体还存在两只过敏原检测呈阴性的FAS猫。这些可能代表了首批被描述的特应性综合征患猫。.
BACKGROUND: Les tests allergologiques sont utilisés pour sélectionner les antigènes inclus dans l’immunothérapie de désensibilisation. Les tests cutanés intradermiques (IDT) constituent l\'étalon‐or chez le chat, mais les tests sérologique dosant les immunoglobulines (Ig)E spécifiques de l\'allergène (ASIS) sont souvent utilisés. On manque de données sur les chats concernant la concordance entre les résultats de l\'IDT et ceux de l\'ASIS. HYPOTHÈSE/OBJECTIFS: Le premier objectif de l\'étude est de constituer une colonie de chats atteints du syndrome atopique félin (SAF) acquis naturellement. Les autres objectifs sont de définir leur trouble d\'hypersensibilité, de détailler les résultats des tests allergènes et d\'évaluer la similarité entre les tests allergologiques.
UNASSIGNED: Trente‐cinq chats atteints du syndrome atopique félin et dix chats témoins. MATÉRIELS ET MÉTHODES: Les chats recrutés sont soumis à un processus de sélection et de quarantaine en cinq phases avant de rejoindre la colonie. Un régime alimentaire d’éviction est réalisé sur tous les chats atteints de SAF. L\'ASIS et l\'IDT sont effectués consécutivement sur tous les chats sous sédation. RÉSULTATS: Les réactions à 34 allergènes sont compilées pour les 45 chats. La sensibilité et la spécificité globales de l\'ASIS sont respectivement de 34,7 % et 78,9 %. Seuls les allergènes de puces (ICC = 0,26, p = 0,040) et de Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (ICC = 0,48, p < 0,001) présentent une corrélation intraclasse significative (accord faible). Deux chats atteints de SAF ont obtenu des tests négatifs, dont un chat avec une allergie alimentaire concomitante.
UNASSIGNED: Cette étude décrit la première colonie de chats présentant un SAF acquis naturellement. Il s\'agit de la première étude féline à comparer et à montrer la faible concordance entre les tests allergologiques avec un panel de 34 allergènes. Cette colonie abrite également deux chats atteints de SAF dont les tests allergologiques sont négatifs. Il pourrait s\'agir des premiers chats décrits avec une forme intrinsèque de syndrome atopique.
背景: アレルゲン検査は減感作ワクチンに含まれる抗原の選択に用いられる。猫では皮内テスト(IDT)がゴールド・スタンダードであるが、アレルゲン特異的免疫グロブリン(Ig)E血清学的検査(ASIS)がしばしば用いられる。IDTとASISの結果の一致に関する猫のデータは不足している。 仮説/目的: 研究の第一の目的は、自然に獲得した猫アトピー症候群(FAS)の猫のコロニーを確立することであった。さらなる目的は、過敏症の定義、アレルゲン検査結果の詳細、およびアレルゲン検査間の類似性の評価であった。 供試動物: FAS猫35頭および対照猫10頭。 材料と方法: 登録猫はコロニーに加わる前に5段階のスクリーニングと検疫を受けた。すべてのFAS猫に除去食試験を実施した。ASISとIDTを鎮静下で全猫に連続して実施した。 結果: 45頭の猫について34のアレルゲンに対する反応が集計された。ASISの全般的な感度は34.7%、特異度は78.9%であった。ノミ(ICC = 0.26, p = 0.040)とDermatophagoides pteronyssinus(ICC=0.48,p<0.001)のアレルゲンだけが有意なクラス内相関を示した(弱い一致)。食物アレルギーを併発した猫1頭を含む2頭のFAS猫は陰性であった。 結論と臨床的意義: 本研究は、自然発症FASを有する猫のコロニーを初めて報告したものであった。34のアレルゲン・パネルを用いたアレルゲン検査間の一致性の低さを比較した最初のネコの研究であった。このコロニーにはアレルゲン検査陰性のFAS猫2頭もいる。これらは初めて報告された本質的なアトピー症候群のネコである可能性があった。.
UNASSIGNED: O teste alérgico é usado para selecionar os antígenos a serem incluídos na vacina de dessensibilização. O teste cutâneo intradérmico (IDT) é o padrão‐ouro em gatos, mas o teste sorológico de imunoglobulina (Ig)E alérgeno‐específica (ASIS) é frequentemente utlizado. Faltam dados sobre felinos em relação à concordância entre os resultados do IDT e do ASIS. HIPÓTESE/OBJETIVOS: O primeiro objetivo do estudo foi estabelecer uma colônia de gatos com síndrome atópica felina (SAF) adquirida naturalmente. Outros objectivos eram definir o seu distúrbio de hipersensibilidade, detalhar os resultados dos testes de alérgicos e avaliar a semelhança entre os mesmos.
UNASSIGNED: Trinta e cinco gatos com FAS e 10 gatos controle. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Os gatos inclusos passaram por um processo de triagem e quarentena em cinco fases antes de ingressarem na colônia. Um ensaio de dieta de eliminação foi realizado em todos os gatos com SAF. ASIS e IDT foram realizados consecutivamente em todos os gatos sob sedação.
RESULTS: As reações a 34 alérgenos foram compiladas para os 45 gatos. A sensibilidade e a especificidade globais da ASIS foram de 34,7% e 78,9%, respectivamente. Apenas os alérgenos pulgas (CCI = 0,26, p = 0,040) e Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (CCI = 0,48, p < 0,001) tiveram correlação intraclasse significativa (concordância fraca). Dois gatos com SAF tiveram testes negativos, incluindo um gato com alergia alimentar concomitante. CONCLUSÕES E RELEVÂNCIA CLÍNICA: Este estudo retrata a primeira colônia relatada de gatos com SAF adquirida naturalmente. Este é o primeiro estudo felino a comparar e mostrar a fraca concordância entre os testes alérgicoa com um painel de 34 alérgenos. Esta colônia também abriga dois gatos com SAF com testes de alérgenos negativos. Estes podem representar os primeiros gatos descritos com uma forma intrínseca de síndrome atópica.
INTRODUCCIÓN: Las pruebas de alérgenos se utilizan para seleccionar los antígenos incluidos en la vacuna desensibilizante. La prueba cutánea intradérmica (IDT) es el estándar de referencia en gatos, aunque a menudo se utilizan pruebas serológicas de inmunoglobulina (Ig)E (Ig)E (ASIS) específicas para alérgenos. Faltan datos felinos sobre la concordancia entre los resultados de IDT y ASIS. HIPÓTESIS/OBJETIVOS: El primer objetivo del estudio fue establecer una colonia de gatos con síndrome atópico felino (FAS) adquirido de forma natural. Otros objetivos eran definir su trastorno de hipersensibilidad para detallar los resultados de las pruebas de alérgenos y evaluar la similitud entre las pruebas de alérgenos. ANIMALES: Treinta y cinco gatos con FAS y 10 gatos control. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: Los gatos inscritos pasaron por un proceso de cuarentena y selección de cinco fases antes de unirse a la colonia. Se realizó una prueba de dieta de eliminación en todos los gatos con FAS. ASIS e IDT se realizaron consecutivamente en todos los gatos bajo sedación. RESULTADOS: Se recopilaron reacciones a 34 alérgenos para los 45 gatos. La sensibilidad y especificidad globales de ASIS fueron del 34,7% y 78,9%, respectivamente. Sólo los alérgenos de pulga (ICC = 0,26, p = 0,040) y Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (ICC = 0,48, p < 0,001) tuvieron una correlación intraclase significativa (acuerdo débil). Dos gatos FAS tuvieron pruebas negativas, incluido un gato con alergia alimentaria concomitante. CONCLUSIONES Y RELEVANCIA CLÍNICA: este estudio representa la primera colonia reportada de gatos con FAS adquirido naturalmente. Este es el primer estudio felino que compara y muestra la escasa concordancia entre las pruebas de alérgenos con un panel de 34 alérgenos. Esta colonia también alberga a dos gatos con FAS con pruebas de alérgenos negativas. Estos pueden representar los primeros gatos descritos con una forma intrínseca de síndrome atópico.

BACKGROUND: Polyoxyethylene hydrogenated castor oil (HCO ethoxylates) is a nonionic surfactant used as an excipient for ointments and injections in human and veterinary drugs. Several polyethylene glycol (PEG) derivatives can be obtained depending on the number of moles of ethylene oxide (EO). HCO ethoxylates have the potential to cause anaphylactoid reactions. There is little published information about these types of reactions in dogs.
OBJECTIVE: To determine the potential for HCO-ethoxylate-containing drugs to cause anaphylactoid reactions in dogs, employing intradermal testing (IDT) with various concentrations of HCO ethoxylates (HCO-25, -40, -60 and -80).
METHODS: Four healthy male laboratory dogs.
METHODS: We performed IDT with drugs containing HCO ethoxylates and HCO ethoxylates alone to determine threshold concentrations. The IDT scores and threshold concentrations were compared. Analysis of skin biopsies from IDT sites was used to measure the percentage of degranulated mast cells. The effect of histamine at IDT sites was investigated by pre-treatment with an antihistamine.
RESULTS: All HCO-ethoxylate-containing drugs caused a wheal-and-flare reaction. The threshold concentrations (0.001% and 0.00001%) of each HCO-ethoxylate depended on the number of moles of EO (p < 0.05). Mast cell degranulation was enhanced by all HCO ethoxylates. The HCO-60-induced reaction was suppressed by an oral antihistamine.
CONCLUSIONS: The threshold concentration can serve as a consideration for developing safe new drug formulations and for clinical decision-making around using drugs containing PEG derivatives. IDT is useful to predict the risk of adverse effects. Antihistamines could demonstrate a prophylactic effect.
UNASSIGNED: Polyoxyethylen hydriertes Rizinusöl (HCO‐Ethoxylate) ist ein nicht ionischer Oberflächenstoff, der als Träger für Salben und Injektionen in Human‐ und Veterinärmedikamenten eingesetzt wird. Es gibt je nach Anzahl der Mole des Ethylenglykols (EO) mehrere Polyethylen‐Glykol (PEG) Abkömmlinge. HCO‐Ethoxylate können anaphylaktische Reaktionen auslösen. Es gibt nur wenig publizierte Information über diese Reaktionstypen bei Hunden. ZIEL: Es sollte das Potential von HCO‐Ethoxylat‐haltigen Wirkstoffen anaphylaktoide Reaktionen bei Hunden auszulösen, bestimmt werden, wobei Intradermaltests (IDT) mit unterschiedlichen Konzentrationen von HCO‐Ethoxylaten (HCO‐25, ‐40, ‐60 und ‐80) eingesetzt wurden.
UNASSIGNED: Vier gesunde männliche Laborhunde.
UNASSIGNED: Wir führten IDTs mit Wirkstoffen, die HCO‐Ethoxylate enthielten und mit HCO‐Ethoxylaten allein durch, um Wirkstoffkonzentrationen zu ermitteln. Die IDT‐Werte und die Wirkstoffkonzentrationen wurden verglichen. Eine Analyse der Hautbiopsien der IDT‐Stellen wurde durchgeführt, um den Prozentanteil der degranulierten Mastzellen zu messen. Die Wirkung von Histamin an den IDT‐Stellen wurde mittels Vorbehandlung durch Antihistamin untersucht.
UNASSIGNED: Alle HCO‐Ethoxylat‐enthaltenden Wirkstoffe verursachten eine Quaddel und Flare Reaktion. Die Wirkstoffkonzentrationen (0,001% und 0,00001%) eines jeden HCO‐Ethoxylats hingen von der Anzahl der Mole des EO ab (p < 0,05). Eine Mastzelldegranulation wurde durch alle HCO‐Ethoxylate verstärkt. Die HCO‐60‐induzierte Reaktion wurde durch orale Antihistamine unterdrückt.
UNASSIGNED: Die Wirkstoffkonzentration kann dazu dienen, neue wirksame und sichere Wirkstoff‐Formulierungen zu entwickeln und kann dabei helfen, klinische Entscheidungen zu treffen, was den Einsatz von Medikamenten, die PEG‐Derivate enthalten, betrifft. Der Einsatz des IDTs ist nützlich bei der Vorhersage von Nebenwirkungen. Antihistamine konnten eine prophylaktische Wirkung zeigen.
背景: 聚氧乙烯氢化蓖麻油(HCO‐乙氧基化物)是一种非离子表面活性剂，用作人体和兽医药物软膏和注射剂的赋形剂。根据环氧乙烷(EO)的摩尔数，可以获得几种聚乙二醇(PEG)衍生物。HCO‐乙氧基化物有可能引起类过敏反应。关于犬的这些反应，目前几乎没有公开的信息。 目的: 用不同浓度的HCO乙氧基化物(HCO‐25、‐40、‐60和‐80)进行皮内试验(IDT)，以确定含HCO乙氧化物的药物引起犬过敏反应的可能性。 动物: 四只健康的雄性实验犬。 材料和方法: 我们用含有HCO‐乙氧基化物和单独的HCO‐乙硫基化物的药物进行IDT，以确定阈值浓度。比较IDT评分和阈值浓度。对IDT部位的皮肤活检进行分析，以测量脱颗粒肥大细胞的百分比。通过用抗组胺药预处理来研究组胺在IDT部位的作用。 结果: 所有含HCO‐乙氧基化物的药物均引起风团和发红反应。每种HCO‐乙氧基化物的阈值浓度(0.001%和0.00001%)取决于EO的摩尔数(p<0.05)。HCO‐60诱导的反应被口服抗组胺药抑制。 结论和临床相关性: 阈值浓度可以作为开发安全的新药配方和使用含有PEG衍生物的药物的临床决策的考虑因素。IDT有助于预测不良反应的风险。抗组胺药可能具有预防作用。.
BACKGROUND: L\'huile de ricin hydrogénée polyoxyéthylénée (HCO‐éthoxylates) est un surfactant non ionique utilisé comme excipient pour les pommades et les injections dans les médicaments humains et vétérinaires. Plusieurs dérivés de polyéthylène‐glycol (PEG) peuvent être obtenus en fonction du nombre de moles d\'oxyde d\'éthylène (EO). Les HCO‐éthoxylates peuvent provoquer des réactions anaphylactoïdes. Il existe peu d\'informations publiées sur ces types de réactions chez les chiens.
OBJECTIVE: Déterminer le potentiel des médicaments contenant des HCO‐éthoxylates à provoquer des réactions anaphylactoïdes chez les chiens, en utilisant des tests intradermiques (IDT) avec différentes concentrations de HCO‐éthoxylates (HCO‐25, ‐40, ‐60 et ‐80).
UNASSIGNED: Quatre chiens de laboratoire mâles en bonne santé. MATÉRIELS ET MÉTHODES: Nous avons réalisé des IDT avec des médicaments contenant des HCO‐éthoxylates et des HCO‐éthoxylates seuls afin de déterminer les concentrations seuils. Les scores d\'IDT et les concentrations seuils ont été comparés. L\'analyse de biopsies cutanées provenant de sites d\'IDT a été utilisée pour mesurer le pourcentage de mastocytes dégranulés. L\'effet de l\'histamine sur les sites d\'IDT a été étudié par prétraitement avec un antihistaminique. RÉSULTATS: Tous les médicaments contenant du HCO‐éthoxylate ont provoqué une réaction de type \" wheal and flare \". Les concentrations seuils (0,001 % et 0,00001 %) de chaque HCO‐éthoxylate dépendaient du nombre de moles d\'OE (p < 0,05). La dégranulation des mastocytes est augmentée par tous les HCO‐éthoxylates. La réaction induite par l\'HCO‐60 a été supprimée par un antihistaminique oral.
UNASSIGNED: La concentration seuil peut servir pour le développement de nouvelles formulations de médicaments sûres et décider en clinique l\'utilisation de médicaments contenant des dérivés de PEG. L\'IDT est utile pour prédire le risque d\'effets indésirables. Les antihistaminiques pourraient avoir un effet prophylactique.
背景: ポリオキシエチレン水添ヒマシ油(HCO‐エトキシレート)は、ヒトおよび動物用医薬品の軟膏や注射剤の賦形剤として使用される非イオン性界面活性剤である。エチレンオキシド(EO)のモル数により、いくつかのポリエチレングリコール(PEG)誘導体が得られる。HCO‐エトキシレートはアナフィラキシー様反応を引き起こす可能性がある。イヌにおけるこの種の反応については、ほとんど発表されていない。 目的: 本研究の目的は、様々な濃度のHCO‐エトキシレート(HCO‐25、‐40、‐60および‐80)を用いた皮内反応(IDT)を用いて、HCO‐エトキシレートを含む薬剤がイヌにおいてアナフィラキシー様反応を引き起こす可能性を明らかにすることであった。 供試動物: 雄の実験用健常犬4頭。 材料と方法: HCO‐エトキシレートを含む薬剤とHCO‐エトキシレート単独でIDTを行い、閾値濃度を決定した。IDTスコアと閾値濃度を比較した。IDT部位から採取した皮膚生検の分析により、脱顆粒した肥満細胞の割合を測定した。IDT部位におけるヒスタミンの影響は、抗ヒスタミン薬による前処置によって調べた。 結果: すべてのHCO‐エトキシレート含有薬剤は、膨疹およびフレア反応を引き起こした。各HCO‐エトキシレートの閾値濃度(0.001%および0.00001%)はEOのモル数に依存した(p < 0.05)。肥満細胞の脱顆粒はすべてのHCO‐エトキシレートによって増強された。HCO‐60誘発反応は経口抗ヒスタミン薬によって抑制された。 結論と臨床的意義: 閾値濃度は、安全な新薬製剤の開発や、PEG誘導体を含む薬剤を使用する際の臨床的意思決定のための検討材料となる。IDTは副作用のリスクを予測するのに有用であった。抗ヒスタミン薬は予防効果を示す可能性があった。.
UNASSIGNED: O óleo de rícino hidrogenado de polioxietileno (HCO‐etoxilados) é um surfactante não iônico usado como excipiente para pomadas e injeções em medicamentos humanos e veterinários. Vários derivados de polietilenoglicol (PEG) podem ser obtidos dependendo do número de moles de óxido de etileno (EO). Os HCO‐etoxilatos têm potencial para causar reações anafilactóides. Há poucas informações publicadas sobre esses tipos de reações em cães.
OBJECTIVE: Determinar o potencial anafilactóide de medicamentos contendo HCO‐etoxilato cães, utilizando testes intradérmicos (IDT) com diversas concentrações de HCO‐etoxilatos (HCO‐25, ‐40, ‐60 e ‐80).
UNASSIGNED: Quatro cães de laboratório machos saudáveis. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Realizamos IDT com medicamentos contendo HCO‐etoxilatos e unicamente HCO‐etoxilatos para determinar as concentrações limiares. Os escores do IDT e as concentrações limiares foram comparados. A análise de biópsias de pele de locais de IDT foi utilizada para medir a porcentagem de mastócitos degranulados. O efeito da histamina nos locais IDT foi investigado por pré‐tratamento com um anti‐histamínico.
RESULTS: Todos os medicamentos contendo HCO‐etoxilato causaram reação de pápula e erupção cutânea. As concentrações limiares (0,001% e 0,00001%) de cada HCO‐etoxilato dependeram do número de moles de EO (p <0,05). A degranulação dos mastócitos foi aumentada por todos os HCO‐etoxilatos. A reação induzida pelo HCO‐60 foi suprimida por um anti‐histamínico oral. CONCLUSÕES E RELEVÂNCIA CLÍNICA: A concentração limiar pode servir como consideração para o desenvolvimento de novas formulações de medicamentos seguros e para a tomada de decisões clínicas sobre o uso de medicamentos contendo derivados de PEG. O IDT é útil para prever o risco de efeitos adversos. Os anti‐histamínicos demonstraram apresentar um efeito profilático.
INTRODUCCIÓN: El aceite de ricino hidrogenado de polioxietileno (HCO‐etoxilatos) es un tensioactivo no iónico utilizado como excipiente para pomadas e inyecciones en medicamentos humanos y veterinarios. Se pueden obtener varios derivados de polietilenglicol (PEG) dependiendo del número de moles de óxido de etileno (EO). Los etoxilatos de HCO tienen el potencial de provocar reacciones anafilácticas. Hay poca información publicada acerca de este tipo de reacciones en perros.
OBJECTIVE: Determinar el potencial de los medicamentos que contienen etoxilato de HCO para causar reacciones anafilácticas perros, empleando pruebas intradérmicas (IDT) con varias concentraciones de etoxilatos de HCO (HCO‐25, ‐40, ‐60 y ‐80).
UNASSIGNED: Cuatro perros de laboratorio machos sanos. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: Realizamos IDT con medicamentos que contienen HCO‐etoxilatos y HCO‐etoxilatos solos para determinar las concentraciones umbral. Se compararon las puntuaciones IDT y las concentraciones umbral. Se utilizó el análisis de biopsias de piel de sitios IDT para medir el porcentaje de mastocitos degranulados. El efecto de la histamina en los sitios IDT se investigó mediante un tratamiento previo con un antihistamínico.
RESULTS: Todos los fármacos que contienen etoxilato de HCO provocaron una reacción de formación de habones y erupción. Las concentraciones umbral (0,001% y 0,00001%) de cada HCO‐etoxilato dependieron del número de moles de EO (p <0,05). La degranulación de los mastocitos fue potenciada por todos los etoxilatos de HCO. La reacción inducida por HCO‐60 fue suprimida por un antihistamínico oral. CONCLUSIONES Y RELEVANCIA CLÍNICA: La concentración umbral puede servir como una consideración para desarrollar nuevas formulaciones de medicamentos seguras y para la toma de decisiones clínicas sobre el uso de medicamentos que contienen derivados de PEG. La IDT es útil para predecir el riesgo de efectos adversos. Los antihistamínicos podrían demostrar un efecto profiláctico.

BACKGROUND: Carboplatin administration poses a risk of immediate hypersensitivity reactions (IHRs) that tend to increase with repeated administration and are mostly IgE-mediated.
OBJECTIVE: This study evaluated the usefulness of carboplatin-prescreening intradermal skin tests (IDTs).
METHODS: Carboplatin-prescreening IDTs were routinely conducted in patients with a history of receiving six or more carboplatin cycles beginning in January 2021. The primary objective was to assess disparities in the incidence of unanticipated IHRs to carboplatin administration. We compared patients in the intervention group (from 2021 to 2022) and those who did not undergo prescreening IDTs under the same conditions (preintervention group, from 2019 to 2020). Secondary objectives included evaluating the sensitivity and specificity of the prescreening IDT and the incidence of carboplatin IHR according to the number of infusion cycles.
RESULTS: The intervention group was composed of 67 patients who were administered 347 carboplatin cycles whereas the preintervention group included 96 patients who were administered 464 carboplatin cycles. The risk of unanticipated carboplatin IHRs decreased by 83.2% in the intervention group compared with results in the preintervention group (preintervention group, 3.45%, n = 16 vs intervention group, 0.58%, n = 2; P = .005). The prescreening IDT showed a sensitivity and specificity of 77.78% and 99.41%, respectively. The risk of newly developed IHRs based on the number of carboplatin cycles was less than 1% (cycles 1-5), 2.11% (cycle 6), 3.90% (cycles 7-12), 2.90% (cycles 13-18), and 0.74% (cycles 19 and greater), respectively.
CONCLUSIONS: Initiating carboplatin-prescreening IDTs from the seventh cycle on significantly reduced the risk of unanticipated IHRs.

OBJECTIVE: While feline asthma (FA) is considered to be of allergic origin, the etiology of feline chronic bronchitis (CB) to date is unknown. Aim of the study was to compare the results of intradermal testing (IDT) and serum testing for allergen-specific immunoglobulin E (SAT) in cats diagnosed with FA and CB.
METHODS: Twenty-seven client-owned cats with clinical signs, suggestive of feline inflammatory bronchial disease (FBD) were prospectively enrolled in the study. Patients were assigned to 3 groups based on results of bronchoalveolar-lavage-fluid (BALF)-cytology: FA (n=8), CB (n=10), or cats with a physiological BALF cytology (PB; n=9). A standardized IDT for 27 allergens was performed in all cats. In addition, allergen-specific IgE was measured in serum samples using an FcεRIα-ELISA. The number of positive reactions in both tests was compared between groups, and agreement between test results of both tests was evaluated.
RESULTS: Regarding the number of positive reactions, no statistically significant difference was detected between groups in IDT (p=0.65) and SAT (p=0.51). When comparing the 2 test systems, a weak correlation was found for the allergens Tyrophagus putrescentiae (k=0.256), Dermatophagoides farinae (k=0.276), and rye (k=0.273). The most commonly observed reactions were to house dust mites, storage mites, rye and nettle in IDT and to sheep sorrel, storage mites, and house dust mites in SAT.
CONCLUSIONS: IDT and SAT in cats with feline inflammatory bronchial disease (FBD) cannot be used interchangeably for allergen detection. Sensitization to environmental allergens can occur in cats with and without airway inflammation. Therefore, a positive test result should always be assessed in context with clinical signs and allergen exposure.
UNASSIGNED: Während beim felinen Asthma (FA) eine allergische Ursache vermutet wird, ist die Ätiologie der chronischen Bronchitis (CB) bei Katzen bisher unbekannt. Ziel der Studie war es, die Ergebnisse von Intrakutantests (IDT) und Serumtests auf allergenspezifisches Immunglobulin E (SAT) bei Katzen mit FA und CB zu vergleichen.
METHODS: 27 Katzen aus Privatbesitz mit klinischen Anzeichen einer entzündlichen Bronchialerkrankung wurden prospektiv in die Studie aufgenommen. Die Patienten wurden anhand der Ergebnisse der Zytologie der Bronchoalveolarlavageflüssigkeit (BALF) in 3 Gruppen eingeteilt: FA (n=8), CB (n=10) und Katzen mit einer physiologischen BALF-Zytologie (PB; n=9). Bei allen Katzen wurde ein standardisierter IDT für 27 Allergene durchgeführt. Darüber hinaus wurde allergenspezifisches IgE in Serumproben mit einem FcεRIα-ELISA gemessen. Die Anzahl der positiven Reaktionen in beiden Tests wurde zwischen den Gruppen verglichen, und die Übereinstimmung der Testergebnisse in beiden Tests untersucht.
UNASSIGNED: Hinsichtlich der Anzahl der positiven Reaktionen wurde kein statistisch signifikanter Unterschied zwischen den Gruppen im IDT (p=0,65) und SAT (p=0,51) festgestellt. Beim Vergleich der beiden Testsysteme konnte eine schwache Korrelation für die Allergene Tyrophagus putrescentiae (k=0,256), Dermatophagoides farinae (k=0,276) und Roggen (k=0,273) festgestellt werden. Die am häufigsten beobachteten Reaktionen betrafen Hausstaubmilben, Vorratsmilben, Roggen und Brennnessel im IDT und Sauerampfer, Vorratsmilben und Hausstaubmilben im SAT.
UNASSIGNED: IDT und SAT können bei Katzen mit feliner entzündlicher Bronchialerkrankung (feline inflammatory bronchial disease; FBD) nicht austauschbar zur Identifizierung von Allergenen verwendet werden. Eine Sensibilisierung auf Umweltallergene kann bei Katzen mit und ohne Atemwegsentzündung auftreten. Daher sollte ein positives Testergebnis immer im Zusammenhang mit der klinischen Symptomatik und der Allergenexposition bewertet werden.