背景:电子健康在初级卫生保健中的COVID-19大流行期间发挥了至关重要的作用。电子卫生是以具有成本效益和安全的方式使用信息和通信技术(ICT)来支持卫生和与卫生有关的领域。世界各地的各种利益攸关方使用信通技术,包括个人,非营利组织,健康从业者,和政府。由于COVID-19大流行,ICT提高了医疗保健的质量,信息交流,培训医疗保健专业人员和患者,并促进了患者和医疗保健提供者之间的关系。本研究系统地回顾了基于ICT的自动和远程监测方法的文献,以及在COVID-19感染患者护理中使用的不同ICT技术。
目的:本系统文献综述的目的是确定电子健康方法,相关的信通技术,方法实施策略,信息收集技术,优势,以及在COVID-19大流行中远程和自动患者监测和护理的缺点。
方法:搜索包括2020年1月至2022年6月在科学和电子数据库中发表的主要研究。比如EBSCOhost,Scopus,ACM,自然,SpringerLink,IEEEXplore,MEDLINE,谷歌学者,JMIR,WebofScience,科学直接,和PubMed。在这次审查中,根据确定的研究问题,介绍和阐述了所包含出版物的发现。使用系统评价和荟萃分析的首选报告项目(PRISMA)框架进行循证系统评价和荟萃分析。此外,我们使用Rayyan工具和叙事评论文章评估量表(SANRA)改进了评论流程.资格标准包括方法上的严谨性,概念清晰,以及在电子卫生中有效实施信息通信技术,以远程和自动监测COVID-19患者。
结果:我们的初步搜索确定了664项潜在研究;在最终阶段评估了102项合格性,在最终审查中使用了65篇包含和排除标准的文章。审查确定了以下电子健康方法-远程医疗,移动健康(mHealth),和远程医疗。相关的ICT是可穿戴身体传感器,人工智能(AI)算法,物联网,或医疗物联网(IoT或IoMT),生物识别监测技术(BioMets),和支持蓝牙(BLE)的家庭健康监测设备。空间或位置数据,个人和个人健康,和健康数据,包括生命体征,症状,生物医学图像和信号,和生活方式数据是由信息通信技术管理的信息的例子。不同的AI和物联网方法为自动和远程患者监测开辟了新的可能性,并具有相关的优势和弱点。我们的发现使用语义知识图以结构化的方式表示(例如,本体模型)。
结论:各种电子健康方法,相关的远程监控技术,不同的方法,信息类别,采用ICT工具进行自动远程患者监测(RPM),本综述讨论了RMT在COVID-19病例中的优势和局限性。在COVID-19大流行期间使用电子卫生说明了使用信通技术的限制和可能性。信通技术不仅仅是实现明确的远程和自动健康监测目标的外部工具;相反,它们嵌入在上下文中。因此,从社会信息学的角度来看,在全球健康危机期间,ICT与社会之间相互设计过程的重要性。全球健康危机可以被视为信息危机(例如,信息不足,不可靠的信息,和无法访问的信息);然而,这篇综述显示了ICT对COVID-19患者健康监测和相关信息收集技术的影响。
BACKGROUND: e-Health has played a crucial role during the COVID-19 pandemic in primary health care. e-Health is the cost-effective and secure use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) to support health and health-related fields. Various stakeholders worldwide use ICTs, including individuals, non-profit organizations, health practitioners, and governments. As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, ICT has improved the quality of healthcare, the exchange of information, training of healthcare professionals and patients, and facilitated the relationship between patients and healthcare providers. This study systematically reviews the literature on ICT-based automatic and remote monitoring methods, as well as different ICT techniques used in the care of COVID-19-infected patients.
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this systematic literature review is to identify the e-Health methods, associated ICTs, method implementation strategies, information collection techniques, advantages, and disadvantages of remote and automatic patient monitoring and care in COVID-19 pandemic.
METHODS: The search included primary studies that were published between January 2020 and June 2022 in scientific and electronic databases, such as EBSCOhost, Scopus, ACM, Nature, SpringerLink, IEEE Xplore, MEDLINE, Google Scholar, JMIR, Web of Science, Science Direct, and PubMed. In this review, the findings from the included publications are presented and elaborated according to the identified research questions. Evidence-based systematic reviews and meta-analyses were conducted using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) framework. Additionally, we improved the review process using the Rayyan tool and the Scale for the Assessment of Narrative Review Articles (SANRA). Among the eligibility criteria were methodological rigor, conceptual clarity, and useful implementation of ICTs in e-Health for remote and automatic monitoring of COVID-19 patients.
RESULTS: Our initial search identified 664 potential studies; 102 were assessed for eligibility in the pre-final stage and 65 articles were used in the final review with the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The review identified the following eHealth methods-Telemedicine, Mobile Health (mHealth), and Telehealth. The associated ICTs are Wearable Body Sensors, Artificial Intelligence (AI) algorithms, Internet-of-Things, or Internet-of-Medical-Things (IoT or IoMT), Biometric Monitoring Technologies (BioMeTs), and Bluetooth-enabled (BLE) home health monitoring devices. Spatial or positional data, personal and individual health, and wellness data, including vital signs, symptoms, biomedical images and signals, and lifestyle data are examples of information that is managed by ICTs. Different AI and IoT methods have opened new possibilities for automatic and remote patient monitoring with associated advantages and weaknesses. Our findings were represented in a structured manner using a semantic knowledge graph (e.g., ontology model).
CONCLUSIONS: Various e-Health methods, related remote monitoring technologies, different approaches, information categories, the adoption of ICT tools for an automatic remote patient monitoring (RPM), advantages and limitations of RMTs in the COVID-19 case are discussed in this review. The use of e-Health during the COVID-19 pandemic illustrates the constraints and possibilities of using ICTs. ICTs are not merely an external tool to achieve definite remote and automatic health monitoring goals; instead, they are embedded in contexts. Therefore, the importance of the mutual design process between ICT and society during the global health crisis has been observed from a social informatics perspective. A global health crisis can be observed as an information crisis (e.g., insufficient information, unreliable information, and inaccessible information); however, this review shows the influence of ICTs on COVID-19 patients\' health monitoring and related information collection techniques.