胰岛素家族由胰岛素组成,胰岛素样生长因子1(IGF-1),胰岛素样生长因子2(IGF-2),它们的受体(IR,IGF-1R和IGF-2R),和它们的结合蛋白。所有三种配体都参与细胞增殖,凋亡,由于它们的同源序列和结构相似性,蛋白质的合成和代谢。胰岛素样生长因子2,胰岛素家族成员,在胚胎发育中起着重要作用,代谢紊乱,通过与三种不同亲和力程度的受体结合来进行肿瘤发生。各种纤维化疾病的主要病理特征是组织器官损伤后细胞外基质(ECM)的过度沉积,这最终导致器质性功能障碍,因为瘢痕形成取代了组织实质。作为促有丝分裂因子,IGF-2在许多纤维化疾病中过表达。它能显著促进成纤维细胞的增殖,以及ECM以时间和剂量依赖的方式产生。本文旨在描述IGF-2在皮肤中的表达变化和促纤维化作用。口腔,心,肺,肝脏,和肾纤维化组织。
The insulin family consists of insulin, insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF-2), their receptors (IR, IGF-1R and IGF-2R), and their binding proteins. All three ligands are involved in cell proliferation, apoptosis, protein synthesis and metabolism due to their homologous sequences and structural similarities. Insulin-like growth factor 2, a member of the insulin family, plays an important role in embryonic development, metabolic disorders, and tumorigenesis by combining with three receptors with different degrees of affinity. The main pathological feature of various fibrotic diseases is the excessive deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) after tissue and organ damage, which eventually results in organic dysfunction because scar formation replaces tissue parenchyma. As a mitogenic factor, IGF-2 is overexpressed in many fibrotic diseases. It can promote the proliferation of fibroblasts significantly, as well as the production of ECM in a time- and dose-dependent manner. This review aims to describe the expression changes and fibrosis-promoting effects of IGF-2 in the skin, oral cavity, heart, lung, liver, and kidney fibrotic tissues.