背景:空气中多环芳烃(PAHs)对普通人群的潜在健康影响仍未得到广泛研究。这项研究旨在调查短期暴露于低水平总量和7种致癌PAHs与死亡风险的关系。
方法:我们在中国东部江苏省进行了一项个体水平的时间分层病例交叉研究,通过在2016-2019年期间调查超过200万例死亡病例。总PAH及其7种致癌物种的日浓度,包括苯并[a]蒽(BaA),苯并[a]芘(BaP),苯并[b]荧蒽(BbF),苯并[k]荧蒽(BkF),chrysene(Chr),dibenz[a,h]蒽(DahA),和茚并[1,2,3-cd]芘(IcdP),通过验证良好的时空模型预测,根据他们的住址分配给死亡病例。我们使用条件逻辑回归估计了与上述PAHs的四分位距(IQR)增加的短期暴露相关的死亡风险。
结果:总PAH浓度的2天(当前和前一天)移动平均值的IQR增加(16.9ng/m3)与全因死亡率的风险增加1.90%(95%置信区间[CI]:1.71-2.09)相关,非意外死亡率为1.90%(95%CI:1.70-2.10),循环系统死亡率为2.01%(95%CI:1.72-2.29),呼吸死亡率为2.53%(95%CI:2.03-3.02)。BaA的特定原因死亡率的风险增加在1.42-1.90%之间(IQR:1.6ng/m3),BaP为1.94-2.53%(IQR:1.6ng/m3),BbF为2.45-3.16%(IQR:2.8ng/m3),BkF为2.80-3.65%(IQR:1.0ng/m3),1.36-1.77%的Chr(IQR:1.8ng/m3),DahA为0.77-1.24%(IQR:0.8ng/m3),IcdP为2.96-3.85%(IQR:1.7ng/m3)。
结论:本研究提供了一般人群中短期暴露于空气中PAHs的死亡风险增加的证据。我们的研究结果表明,空气中的多环芳烃可能对公众健康构成潜在威胁,强调需要更多基于人群的证据,以加强对低剂量暴露情景下健康风险的理解。
BACKGROUND: The potential health effects of airborne polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) among general population remained extensively unstudied. This study sought to investigate the association of short-term exposure to low-level total and 7 carcinogenic PAHs with mortality risk.
METHODS: We conducted an individual-level time-stratified case-crossover study in Jiangsu province of eastern China, by investigating over 2 million death cases during 2016-2019. Daily concentrations of total PAH and its 7 carcinogenic species including benzo[a]anthracene (BaA), benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), benzo[b]fluoranthene (BbF), benzo[k]fluoranthene (BkF), chrysene (Chr), dibenz[a,h]anthracene (DahA), and indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene (IcdP), predicted by well-validated spatiotemporal models, were assigned to death cases according to their residential addresses. We estimated mortality risk associated with short-term exposure to increase of an interquartile range (IQR) for aforementioned PAHs using conditional logistic regression.
RESULTS: An IQR increase (16.9 ng/m3) in 2-day (the current and prior day) moving average of total PAH concentration was associated with risk increases of 1.90% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.71-2.09) in all-cause mortality, 1.90% (95% CI: 1.70-2.10) in nonaccidental mortality, 2.01% (95% CI: 1.72-2.29) in circulatory mortality, and 2.53% (95% CI: 2.03-3.02) in respiratory mortality. Risk increases of cause-specific mortality ranged between 1.42-1.90% for BaA (IQR: 1.6 ng/m3), 1.94-2.53% for BaP (IQR: 1.6 ng/m3), 2.45-3.16% for BbF (IQR: 2.8 ng/m3), 2.80-3.65% for BkF (IQR: 1.0 ng/m3), 1.36-1.77% for Chr (IQR: 1.8 ng/m3), 0.77-1.24% for DahA (IQR: 0.8 ng/m3), and 2.96-3.85% for IcdP (IQR: 1.7 ng/m3).
CONCLUSIONS: This study provided suggested evidence for heightened mortality risk in relation to short-term exposure to airborne PAHs in general population. Our findings suggest that airborne PAHs may pose a potential threat to public health, emphasizing the need of more population-based evidence to enhance the understanding of health risk under the low-dose exposure scenario.