除了基因组结构,丙型流感(ICV),和D(IDV)病毒具有七个分段的基因组在生物学上与八个分段的甲型流感(IAV)不同,和B(IBV)病毒关于血凝素-酯酶融合蛋白的存在,它结合了负责受体结合的血凝素和神经氨酸酶的功能,聚变,和破坏受体的酶活性,分别。而以人类为主要宿主的ICV出现在近74年前,IDV,ICV的远亲,在2011年被隔离,牛作为主要宿主。尽管它最初出现在猪身上,IDV已被证明是一种跨界牛病原体,宿主范围更广,与甲型流感病毒(IAV)相似。ICV和IDV的受体特异性决定了宿主范围和物种特异性。人类呼吸道样本中存在IDV基因组的最新发现,高交通的人类环境表明了其公共卫生意义。相反,猪和牛中ICV的存在也增加了ICV和IDV之间基因片段相互作用/病毒重组的可能性,在这些病毒共存的地方.这篇综述是一个整体方法,通过关注迄今为止已知的宿主范围来讨论七段流感病毒的生态学,血清流行病学,生物学受体,系统动力学,物种特异性,以及ICV和IDV的跨物种传播。
Other than genome structure, influenza C (ICV), and D (IDV) viruses with seven-segmented genomes are biologically different from the eight-segmented influenza A (IAV), and B (IBV) viruses concerning the presence of hemagglutinin-esterase fusion protein, which combines the function of hemagglutinin and neuraminidase responsible for receptor-binding, fusion, and receptor-destroying enzymatic activities, respectively. Whereas ICV with humans as primary hosts emerged nearly 74 years ago, IDV, a distant relative of ICV, was isolated in 2011, with bovines as the primary host. Despite its initial emergence in swine, IDV has turned out to be a transboundary bovine pathogen and a broader host range, similar to influenza A viruses (IAV). The receptor specificities of ICV and IDV determine the host range and the species specificity. The recent findings of the presence of the IDV genome in the human respiratory sample, and high traffic human environments indicate its public health significance. Conversely, the presence of ICV in pigs and cattle also raises the possibility of gene segment interactions/virus reassortment between ICV and IDV where these viruses co-exist. This review is a holistic approach to discuss the ecology of seven-segmented influenza viruses by focusing on what is known so far on the host range, seroepidemiology, biology, receptor, phylodynamics, species specificity, and cross-species transmission of the ICV and IDV.