Keyhole surgery recently evolved as a minimal invasive surgical approach for treatment of anterior circulation aneurysm. This review was done to evaluate the keyhole approach for anterior circulation aneurysms, their indications, advantages, technical limitations, complications and their avoidance. The literature review was performed with the phrase \"keyhole approach for anterior circulation aneurysm\" as a search term in PubMed central, Medline, Google scholar and Embase data base to identify all the articles published till December 2020. Out of 113 articles searched, 22 were included in this review after screening for eligibility. On analyzing these articles, there was total 2058 aneurysm in 1871 patients. Out of 2058 aneurysm, 988 were ruptured and 547 unruptured. In 5 studies, which include 344 aneurysms in 344 cases, aneurysm ruptured or unruptured status was not specified. The most frequent aneurysm site was anterior communicating artery (n=573). The size of the aneurysm mentioned in most of the study was <15 mm. The rate of complete occlusion was ranged from 93.6-100%. The range of intra operative rupture (IOR) was 0-28.6%. The mean operative time was ranged from 70 min-5.34 hours as reported in 13 studies. Good outcome [Glasgow outcome scale (GOS): 4-5] were seen in 75-100% cases. The frontalis muscle weakness has been reported in 3 studies and ranged from 0-1.99%. Keyhole surgery can be a safe and effective treatment modality for treatment of a selected anterior circulation aneurysm. In the experienced hand it has certain advantages over standard pterional craniotomy.

The most common oral and maxillofacial surgical procedure in adolescents is excision of impacted third molars. Adolescent patients should be evaluated for third molars starting around age 16 years unless symptomatic at an earlier age. The dental examination should include panorex imaging to assess development, pathologic condition, and possibility of eruption versus impaction. Various classification systems are available to identify the position and difficulty of the proposed surgical procedure. Retained impacted teeth increase the patient\'s risk of various morbidities including recurrent infection, damage to adjacent teeth, cysts and other lesions, and unexplained pain.

OBJECTIVE: To develop a rationale treatment strategy for elective isolated and simultaneous interventions in geriatric patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) aimed at decreasing of complications rate and grade, based on current approach to indications and contraindications.
METHODS: From 2000 to 2015 yy. a total of 639 elderly and senile patients with BPH were undergone to isolated simple prostatectomy, transurethral prostatic resection and simultaneous surgery. Two timeframe were allocated, from 2000 to 2006 and from 2007 to 2015 yy. During the first period, the conventional indications and contraindications were used for determination of the type and volume of the the surgery. During the second period, a novel authors approach to the structure indications and contraindications for the surgical treatment was introduced.
RESULTS: For the first time in the geriatric urology a modern structure of the indications and contraindications for elective interventions in patients with BPH has been developed, which allowed to clarify the treatment strategy on the individual basis. The new criteria for absolute and relative contraindications are included as well as, for the first time, temporary, specific and organizational contraindications for the simple prostatectomy and TURP. There is a need for review some conventional contraindications for the TURP in elderly and senile patients, considering that in specialized geriatric urological hospital for patients with severe concomitant diseases (therapeutic, neurologic, etc.), TURP should be the method of choice regardless prostate volume, often exceeding 60 cc. The use of a new structure of indications and contraindications allowed to establish absolute contraindications for the elective surgery in 19%, relative contraindications in 21% and temporary contraindications in 8% cases, respectively. These patients were undergone to palliative surgeries or drug treatment which helped to prevent possible postoperative complications and mortality.
CONCLUSIONS: In order to determine the treatment strategy in elective isolated and simultaneous interventions in geriatric patients with BPH it is necessary to consider the current general and specific indications as well as absolute, relative, specific, temporary and organizational contraindications. The introduction of the novel structure of the indications and contraindications for the elective isolated and simultaneous surgeries with priority of TURP had a pronounced clinical effect, contributing to the marked reduction of postoperative complications and deaths in geriatric patients with BPH.

There has been booming interest in the endoscopic full-thickness resection (EFTR) technique since it was first described. With the advent of improved and more secure endoscopic closure techniques and devices, such as endoscopic suturing devices, endoscopists are empowered to perform more aggressive procedures than ever. This article focuses on the procedural technique and clinical outcomes of EFTR for gastrointestinal subepithelial tumors.

Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) is defined as a treatment in which a patient intermittently breathes 100% oxygen while the treatment chamber is pressurized to a pressure greater than sea level (1.0 atmosphere absolute, ATA). In China, for nearly 50 years, HBOT has been used as a primary or adjuvant therapy to treat a variety of diseases. This article mainly reviewed the indications and contraindications of HBOT, as well as the status of clinical and experimental HBOT research in China. At the same time, there is a brief introduction of hyperbaric oxygen preconditioning (HBO-PC) in China.