目的:为老年做准备是一种适应性行为,对幸福感有积极影响。这项研究检查了;(a)在日常功能的特定领域内,与积极结果相关的重要性程度(例如,社会关系,健康)因年龄和文化而异;(b)重要性对老年准备的影响;(c)重要性的影响在以后的生活中是否更大。
方法:使用来自德国30-85岁成年人的数据(n=623),香港(n=317),和美国(n=313)收集超过5年,我们检查了不同年龄的重要性等级的变化,文化,和行为领域,以及年龄和重要性预测准备工作的程度。
结果:发现重要性等级随年龄而变化,测试时间,域,和文化,反映预期的语境效果。重要性也是制剂的积极预测因素,预测的力量在老年时期更大。
结论:结果提供了证据,表明在领域内功能的感知重要性受到许多环境因素的影响,包括日常功能和文化领域。鉴于重要性也可以预测准备工作,这种差异可能有助于解释不同背景下准备工作的差异。根据选择性参与理论,对于老年人在利用资源支持制剂方面更具选择性的预测也获得了一些支持.这种选择性可以被视为对以后生活中个人资源减少的适应性反应。
OBJECTIVE: Preparing for old age is an adaptive behavior with positive consequences on well-being. This study examined; (a) the degree to which the
importance associated with positive outcomes within specific domains of everyday functioning (e.g., social relationships, health) varies across ages and cultures; (b) the impact of
importance on preparing for old age; and (c) whether the effects of
importance were greater in later life.
METHODS: Using data from adults aged 30-85 years in Germany (n = 623), Hong Kong (n = 317), and the United States (n = 313) collected over 5 years, we examined variations in importance ratings across age, cultures, and behavioral domains, and the extent to which age and importance predicted preparations.
RESULTS: Importance ratings were found to vary with age, time of test, domains, and culture, reflecting the expected contextual effects.
Importance also was a positive predictor of preparations, with the strength of prediction being somewhat greater in old age.
CONCLUSIONS: The results provide evidence that the perceived importance of functioning within domains is affected by a number of contextual factors, including the domain of everyday function and culture. Given that importance also predicts preparations, such variation may help explain differences in preparations across contexts. In line with selective engagement theory, some support was also obtained for the prediction that older adults are more selective in engaging resources in support of preparations. Such selectivity can be viewed as an adaptive response to diminishing personal resources in later life.