目的:这篇综述的目的是提供对hydrometrocolpos的全面概述,涵盖疾病病因,病理生理学,临床表现,以及诊断和管理技术,和已知的结果。
结果:这篇叙述性综述介绍了过去5年中有关儿科人群的水均病的文献。我们重点介绍了69例报告的hydrometrocolpos病例,并根据阻塞类型或相关异常对其进行分类。讨论基于成像的新诊断算法,并提出了新颖且未充分利用的外科技术,以进行明确的管理。Hydrometrocolpos,一种以保留液体为特征的疾病,在远端阴道流出道阻塞的情况下导致阴道和子宫扩张,根据梗阻的类型有广泛的表现严重程度。是否由于孤立的情况,例如处女膜无孔,复杂的异常像泄殖腔畸形,或者是大型先天性综合症的一部分,治疗的主要方法是扩张的阴道减压和流出道梗阻的手术矫正。文献中报道的基于成像的诊断算法和新的治疗技术,以及纵向和患者报告的结果研究,可以改善受这种情况影响的儿童的生活。
OBJECTIVE: The goal of this review is to provide a comprehensive overview of hydrometrocolpos, covering disease etiology, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, and diagnostic and management techniques, and known outcomes.
RESULTS: This narrative review presents the literature on hydrometrocolpos in the pediatric population from the past 5 years. We highlight the 69 reported cases of hydrometrocolpos and classify them based on type of obstruction or associated anomaly, discuss new diagnostic algorithms based on imaging, and present novel and underutilized surgical techniques for definitive management. Hydrometrocolpos, a condition characterized by retained fluid causing a distended vagina and uterus in the setting of a distal vaginal outflow obstruction, has a wide range of presentation severity based on the type of obstruction. Whether hydrometrocolpos is due to an isolated condition like imperforate hymen, a complex abnormality like cloacal malformation, or a part of a large congenital syndrome, the mainstay of treatment is decompression of the dilated vagina and surgical correction of the outflow obstruction. Imaging-based diagnostic algorithms and new treatment techniques reported in the literature, as well as longitudinal and patient-reported outcome research, can improve the lives of children affected by this condition.