背景:在纽约市和全国范围内,过量死亡继续达到新的记录,主要由非法药物供应中的芬太尼和赛拉嗪等掺假物驱动。在不知不觉中食用掺假物质会大大增加过量和其他健康问题的风险,特别是当个人食用多种掺假品并接触他们不打算服用的药物组合时。尽管试纸和更复杂的设备使人们能够在食用前检查药物中是否存在掺假品,包括芬太尼和赛拉嗪,并且通常可以免费获得,许多使用药物的人拒绝使用它们。
目的:我们试图更好地了解为什么纽约市地区的人们在使用前检查或不检查药物。我们计划利用研究结果为基于技术的干预措施的发展提供信息,以鼓励一致的药物检查。
方法:在2023年夏季,与使用毒品的人一起工作的团队成员进行了22次半结构化定性访谈,其中包括在过去90天内报告非法使用毒品的人的便利样本。访谈指南检查了参与者对包括芬太尼在内的掺假品的知识和经验,赛拉嗪,和苯二氮卓类药物;使用药物测试条;以及他们是否曾经接受过减少伤害的服务。所有采访都是录音,转录,并分析了新兴主题。
结果:大多数参与者缺乏掺假知识,只有少数人报告定期检查药物。不检查的原因包括缺乏方便的测试用品,或者在公众视野之外检查样本的地方,以及时间的考虑。一些参与者还报告说,他们坚信自己没有芬太尼的风险,赛拉嗪,或其他掺假者,因为他们专门使用可卡因或快克,或者他们相信从他们那里购买毒品的人不会向他们出售掺假物质。那些报告测试药物的人描述了与减少伤害机构工作人员的积极互动。
结论:需要新的外展形式,不仅要提高人们对掺假物质的认识和对它们所带来的风险的认识,还要鼓励使用药物的人在使用前定期检查其药物。这包括新的干预信息,这些信息强调了在快速变化和易挥发的药物供应的背景下进行药物检查的重要性。这种消息传递可能有助于使药物检查正常化,这是一种易于制定的行为,有利于公共卫生。为了提高效率,消息可以开发,外展可以通过,值得信赖的社区成员,包括使用毒品的人,潜在的,卖毒品的人。将此消息与免费的药物检查用品和设备相结合,可能有助于解决全国范围内过量死亡人数不断增加的螺旋式上升。
BACKGROUND: Overdose deaths continue to reach new records in New York City and nationwide, largely driven by adulterants such as fentanyl and xylazine in the illicit drug supply. Unknowingly consuming adulterated substances dramatically increases risks of overdose and other health problems, especially when individuals consume multiple adulterants and are exposed to a combination of drugs they did not intend to take. Although test strips and more sophisticated devices enable people to check drugs for adulterants including fentanyl and xylazine prior to consumption and are often available free of charge, many people who use drugs decline to use them.
OBJECTIVE: We sought to better understand why people in the New York City area do or do not check drugs before use. We plan to use study findings to inform the development of technology-based interventions to encourage consistent drug checking.
METHODS: In summer 2023, team members who have experience working with people who use drugs conducted 22 semistructured qualitative interviews with a convenience sample of people who reported illicit drug use within the past 90 days. An interview guide examined participants\' knowledge of and experience with adulterants including fentanyl, xylazine, and benzodiazepines; using drug testing strips; and whether they had ever received harm reduction services. All interviews were audio recorded, transcribed, and analyzed for emerging themes.
RESULTS: Most participants lacked knowledge of adulterants, and only a few reported regularly checking drugs. Reasons for not checking included lacking convenient access to test supplies, or a place to check samples out of the public\'s view, as well as time considerations. Some participants also reported a strong belief that they were not at risk from fentanyl, xylazine, or other adulterants because they exclusively used cocaine or crack, or that they were confident the people they bought drugs from would not sell them adulterated substances. Those who did report testing their drugs described positive interactions with harm reduction agency staff.
CONCLUSIONS: New forms of outreach are needed not only to increase people\'s knowledge of adulterated substances and awareness of the increasing risks they pose but also to encourage people who use drugs to regularly check their substances prior to use. This includes new intervention messages that highlight the importance of drug checking in the context of a rapidly changing and volatile drug supply. This messaging can potentially help normalize drug checking as an easily enacted behavior that benefits public health. To increase effectiveness, messages can be developed with, and outreach can be conducted by, trusted community members including people who use drugs and, potentially, people who sell drugs. Pairing this messaging with access to no-cost drug-checking supplies and equipment may help address the ongoing spiral of increased overdose deaths nationwide.