目的:左髂总静脉腔内异常,髂静脉压迫综合征的特征,被认为是由上覆的右髂总动脉压迫和搏动引起的。这项尸体研究的目的是通过调查和拍摄这些马刺来扩展现有文献,除了探索某些因素,尸体固有的,与马刺的存在有关。
方法:解剖以暴露主动脉,下腔静脉,51具尸体进行髂总动脉和静脉检查。记录发生髂静脉汇合的脊髓水平。检查右髂总动脉穿过左髂总静脉的点是否存在斑块。然后横切上覆的动脉结构以暴露静脉系统。切开下腔静脉,以利于观察口腔和左髂总静脉的全部范围。马刺被拍照并记录下来。进行统计分析,以确定性别,身体质量指数,斑块的存在,或髂静脉汇合的水平与骨刺的存在有关。
结果:在51具尸体中有16具(31.4%)观察到左髂总静脉内的马刺。所有骨刺都位于右髂总动脉与左髂总静脉交叉的位置。利用麦克默里希建立的分类系统,67%(n=10)的马刺为边缘和三角形;25%(n=4)为柱状。一个(6%)边际,观察到线性骨刺和一个(6%)部分阻塞的骨刺与多个粘连。在这些人口中,男性有骨刺的可能性低73%(OR=0.269;p=0.041)。斑块存在和骨刺存在之间没有发现显着关系(OR=0.933;p=0.824),体重指数和骨刺存在之间没有显着差异(x2=1.752,p=0.625)。最后,在L5/S1椎间盘间隙有髂静脉汇合的尸体中发现了明显更大的骨刺(x2=9.650;p=0.002)。
结论:研究结果表明,当髂总静脉汇合发生在较低的脊柱水平时,骨刺更为常见。髂静脉汇合的水平对于识别静脉疾病风险增加的患者可能很重要。研究结果还表明,右髂总动脉内的斑块和BMI与骨刺的存在没有明显的关系。需要进一步调查以确切了解哪些因素导致刺激形成。
OBJECTIVE: Intraluminal anomalies within the left common iliac vein, characteristic of iliac vein compression syndrome, are thought to result from compression by and pulsation of the overlying right common iliac artery. This cadaver study was designed to expand on the existing literature by surveying and photographing these spurs in addition to exploring whether certain factors, inherent to the cadaver, are associated with spur presence.
METHODS: Dissection to expose the aorta, inferior vena cava, and common iliac arteries and veins was performed in 51 cadavers. The spinal level at which the iliac vein confluence occurred was noted. The point at which the right common iliac artery crossed the left common iliac vein was examined for plaque presence. The overlying arterial structures were then transected to expose the venous system. The inferior vena cava was incised to facilitate observation into the mouth and full extent of the left common iliac vein. Spurs were photographed and documented. Statistical analysis was conducted to determine whether sex, body mass index (BMI), plaque presence, or level of the iliac vein confluence are associated with spur presence.
RESULTS: Spurs within the left common iliac vein were observed in 16 of 51 cadavers (31.4%). All spurs were located at the point that the right common iliac artery crossed the left common iliac vein. Using1 the classification system established by McMurrich, 67% of spurs (n = 10) were marginal and triangular; 25% (n = 4) were columnar. One marginal, linear spur (6%) and one partially obstructed spur with multiple synechiae (6%) were observed. Among this population, males were 73% less likely to have a spur (odds ratio, 0.269; P = .041). No significant relationship was found between plaque presence and spur presence (odds ratio, 0.933; P = .824) and no significant differences were noted between BMI and spur presence (χ2 = 1.752, P = .625). Last, a significantly greater percent of spurs was found within cadavers with an iliac vein confluence located at the L5/S1 disc space (χ2 = 9.650; P = .002).
CONCLUSIONS: Study findings show that spurs are more common when the confluence of the common iliac veins occurs at a lower spinal level. The level of the iliac vein confluence may be important in identifying patients at increased risk of venous disease. The findings also suggest that plaque within the right common iliac artery and BMI display no distinct relationship with spur presence. Further investigation is needed to understand exactly what factors lead to spur formation.