伊万氏锥虫感染家畜,导致衰弱和有时致命的疾病。这种疾病给农民带来了巨大的经济损失,并严重阻碍了发展中国家畜牧业的发展,包括印度。考虑到与管理这种感染相关的挑战,迫切需要加强我们对T.evansi分子和遗传多样性的理解。因此,这项研究计划使用来自印度的可用的内部转录间隔区-1(ITS-1)基因序列分析T.evansi的遗传多样性,并将其与来自全球的序列进行比较。本研究中使用的血液样本是从自然感染的动物中收集的,包括狗,牛,还有印度中央邦的水牛.使用ITS-1基因,我们使用聚合酶链反应(PCR)扩增了540个碱基对(bp)片段,对它进行了测序,并确定了特异性内变异。90个序列的系统发育分析,其中27人来自印度,揭示了三个具有高引导支持值的不同集群。单倍型网络分析确定了34单倍型,H7是最普遍的,表明涉及多个国家的复杂进化史。印度人口的遗传分析揭示了独特的特征。尽管核苷酸多样性低,与其他种群相比,单倍型多样性较高。田岛的D,傅和丽的D,Fu和Li\的F表现出不显著的负值,表明潜在的稳定性。此外,Fu的Fs中的略微正值,粗糙程度(r),Ramos-Onsins和Rozas(R2)的统计数据表明,最近缺乏显着的选择性压力或人口扩张。此外,T.evansi种群中遗传分化和基因流动的存在突出了正在进行的进化过程。这些发现共同描绘了复杂的遗传景观,表明伊万西印度种群中的稳定性和持续的进化动态。这项研究的发现对于理解T.evansi的进化史和种群动态非常重要,它们可以帮助我们制定有效的控制策略。
Trypanosoma evansi infects domestic animals, causing a debilitating and occasionally fatal disease. The disease leads to significant economic losses to farmers and poses a substantial impediment to the growth of livestock production in developing nations, including India. Considering the challenges associated with managing this infection, there is an urgent need to enhance our understanding of the molecular and genetic diversity of T. evansi. Therefore, this study was planned to analyze the genetic diversity of T. evansi using available internal transcribed spacer-1 (ITS-1) gene sequences from India and compare them with sequences from around the globe. Blood samples used in this study were collected from naturally infected animals including dogs, cattle, and buffaloes in the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh. Using the ITS-1 gene, we amplified a 540 base pairs (bp) segment using polymerase chain reaction (PCR), sequenced it, and identified intra-specific variations. Phylogenetic analysis of 90 sequences, including 27 from India, revealed three distinct clusters with high bootstrap support values. A haplotype network analysis identified 34 haplotypes, with H7 being the most prevalent, indicating a complex evolutionary history involving multiple countries. The genetic analysis of the Indian population revealed distinct characteristics. Despite low nucleotide diversity, there was high haplotype diversity in comparison to other populations. Tajima\'s D, Fu and Li\'s D, and Fu and Li\'s F exhibited non-significant negative values, indicating potential stability. Additionally, the slightly positive values in Fu\'s Fs, Raggedness (r), and Ramos-Onsins and Rozas (R2) statistics suggested a lack of recent significant selective pressures or population expansions. Furthermore, the presence of genetic differentiation and gene flow among T. evansi populations highlighted ongoing evolutionary processes. These findings collectively depicted a complex genetic landscape, suggesting both stability and ongoing evolutionary dynamics within the Indian population of T. evansi. The findings of this study are important for understanding the evolutionary history and population dynamics of T. evansi, and they may help us develop effective control strategies.