Limb-girdle muscular dystrophy (LGMD), a rare group of non-congenital inherited muscle diseases, is characterized by a progressive reduction in muscle tone and force of the proximal limbs. The clinical manifestations and genetic patterns of LGMD are heterogeneous. This study reported on a 10-year-old male patient with LGMD type 2U who experienced muscle weakness in the lower limbs after exercise. Upon admission, the patient\'s creatine kinase levels were significantly elevated, and hydration and alkalinization therapy were ineffective. Using high-throughput sequencing, muscular dystrophy-related genes were tested in the patient, his parents, and his sister. The patient was found to have a heterozygous deletion of exon 9 of the ISPD gene and a heterozygous missense mutation c.1231C>T (p.Leu411Phe). The patient\'s father carried the heterozygous missense mutation c.1231C>T (p.Leu411Phe) of the ISPD gene, while his mother and sister carried a heterozygous deletion of exon 9 of the ISPD gene. These mutations have not been reported in existing databases or literature. Conservation and protein structure prediction analyses of the mutation sites indicated that they are highly conserved and located in the C-terminal domain of the ISPD protein, which may affect protein function. Based on the above results and relevant clinical data, the patient was definitively diagnosed with LGMD type 2U. This study enriched the spectrum of ISPD gene mutations by summarizing the patient\'s clinical characteristics and analyzing new ISPD gene variations. This can aid in the early diagnosis and genetic counseling of the disease.
肢带型肌营养不良症(limb-girdle muscular dystrophy，LGMD)是一组罕见的非先天性遗传性肌肉疾病，主要表现为四肢近端肌张力及肌力进行性减退，其临床表现及遗传模式具有异质性。本研究报道了1例肢带型肌营养不良症2U型10岁男性患者，运动后出现双下肢肌肉无力，入院查肌酸激酶明显升高，经水化碱化治疗后无效。利用高通量测序方法对患者及其父母、妹妹进行肌营养不良相关基因检测，该患者存在ISPD基因外显子9杂合缺失以及c.1231C>T(p.Leu411Phe)的杂合错义变异，其父亲携带ISPD基因c.1231C>T(p.Leu411Phe)的杂合错义变异，母亲及妹妹携带ISPD基因外显子9杂合缺失，上述变异在现有的数据库及文献中均未见报道。对变异位点的保守性分析和蛋白结构预测分析表明，上述位点保守性高，且均位于ISPD蛋白C端结构域，可能对蛋白功能产生影响。综合以上结果并结合相关临床资料，可明确诊断该患者为肢带型肌营养不良症2U型。本文通过总结该患者临床特点及对ISPD基因新变异进行分析，丰富了ISPD基因变异谱，有助于该病早期诊断及遗传咨询。.

ISPD gene mutation-related diseases have high clinical and genetic heterogeneity, and no studies have yet reported any effective treatments. We describe six patients with dystroglycanopathies caused by ISPD gene mutations and analyze their genotypes and phenotypes to explore possible effective treatments. Our results confirm that the phenotype of limb-girdle muscular dystrophies can be easily misdiagnosed as Duchenne muscular dystrophy and that exon deletions of ISPD gene are relatively common. Moreover, low-dose prednisone therapy can improve patients\' exercise ability and prolong survival and may be a promising new avenue for ISPD therapy.

Walker-Warburg syndrome (WWS) is a rare form of autosomal recessive, congenital muscular dystrophy that is associated with brain and eye anomalies. Several genes encoding proteins involved in abnormal α-dystroglycan glycosylation have been implicated in the aetiology of WWS, most recently the ISPD gene. Typical WWS brain anomalies, such as cobblestone lissencephaly, hydrocephalus and cerebellar malformations, can be prenatally detected through routine ultrasound examinations. Here, we report two karyotypically normal foetuses with multiple brain anomalies that corresponded to WWS symptoms. Using a SNP-array examination on the amniotic fluid DNA, a homozygous microdeletion was identified at 7p21.2p21.1 within the ISPD gene. Published data and our findings led us to the conclusion that a homozygous segmental intragenic deletion of the ISPD gene causes the most severe phenotype of Walker-Warburg syndrome. Our results also clearly supports the use of chromosomal microarray analysis as a first-line diagnostic test in patients with a foetus with one or more major structural abnormalities identified on ultrasonographic examination.