UNASSIGNED: To report a case of multiple bilateral retinal pigment epithelial detachments (PEDs) in a woman with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).
UNASSIGNED: Case Report.
UNASSIGNED: A 28-year-old female with mild blurred bilateral vision in both eyes (OU) without pain or any other symptom was admitted to the hospital due to worsening renal function and uncontrolled high blood pressure (HBP). Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was 20/30 and 20/40, right and left eyes, respectively. She had SLE, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency, and immune thrombocytopenic purpura. BP was over 150/90 mmHg for more than 1.5 years, and she used corticosteroids at varying doses for more than 4 years. During hospitalization, she was taking prednisone 60 mg daily as Class IV lupus nephritis was diagnosed. On fundoscopy, she had a lacy retinal pattern, remarkably on the macula in OU. Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography revealed multiple bilateral serous PEDs and pachychoroid. Angiofluoresceinography displayed multiple pooling hyperfluorescence areas. Six months afterward, while she was on prednisolone 10 mg daily, and antihypertensive medications, BCVA was improved to 20/25 OU. Nevertheless, she had no retinal or choroidal changes. Her findings could be related to SLE choroidopathy, central serous chorioretinopathy-like disease, and/or hypertensive choroidopathy.
UNASSIGNED: Ocular involvement affects nearly one-third of SLE patients. The findings are variable and can include nearly any part of the eyeball. Multiple bilateral PEDs have been described in the literature; however, in this case, it is probably multifactorial and not only related to SLE.

BACKGROUND: We present a case of hypertensive choroidopathy due to malignant hypertension with exudative retinal detachment as a sole finding. We use OCT- angiography for initial diagnosis and report findings from extensive follow up.
METHODS: A 51-year-old female with no past medical history, presented to our clinic with painless loss of vision in her left eye. Fundus examination revealed only exudative retinal detachment in her left eye that was confirmed with Optical Coherence Tomography. Fluorescein angiography showed hyperfluorescent spots with leakage in late phases. OCTA manifested a focal dark area in the choriocapillaris slab corresponding to flow signal voids, signifying regions of non-perfusion. Her blood pressure was 220/120 mmHG. Complete blood work -up failed to reveal any other possible etiology. During follow-up period of 9 months blood pressure normalized, patient regained visual function and choriocapillaris perfusion was completely restored.
CONCLUSIONS: Hypertensive choroidopathy with exudative retinal detachment can be the only sign of malignant hypertension and no pre-existing history of a systemic disease is required in order to become apparent. OCTA reveals areas of non-perfusion at choriocapillaris level, proving that it is an essential tool in the diagnosis and follow up of patients with hypertensive choroidopathy. Finally, we propose that early diagnosis prevents permanent damage of the RPE and leads to complete choroidal remodeling and better visual outcomes.

UNASSIGNED: To describe chorioretinal findings in a patient with new-onset systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) after a stillbirth associated with preeclampsia.
UNASSIGNED: Case report.
UNASSIGNED: We report a patient with new-onset SLE and APS after pregnancy, who had a history of preeclampsia and intrauterine death that presented with bilateral visual loss after a seizure. Clinical findings of a unilateral vaso-occlusive retinopathy and choroidopathy associated with intraocular inflammation, serous retinal detachment, and vasculitis are presented, which responded well to immunosuppressive therapy.
UNASSIGNED: New-onset systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) during or after pregnancy could occur, especially when complicated with preeclampsia, making it difficult to diagnose accurately. Pregnancy-induced hypertension retinopathy and choroidopathy, as well as chorioretinal manifestations of SLE and APS, can share similar ocular manifestations that can overlap and coexist in the same patient, and it is important to recognize them for an adequate management and follow-up.

暂无摘要。

Hypertensive retinopathy and choroidopathy have important short- and long-term implications on patients\' overall health and mortality. Eye care professionals should be familiar with the severity staging of these entities and be able to readily recognize and refer patients who are in need of systemic blood pressure control. This paper will review the diagnosis, staging, treatment, and long-term implications for vision and mortality of patients with hypertensive retinopathy and choroidopathy.

UNASSIGNED: The aim of this study is to report clinical course and provide novel ophthalmic findings by spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) in a patient with hypertensive choroidopathy secondary to hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP).
UNASSIGNED: A 27-year-old woman, who was diagnosed HDP complicated with disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), noticed abnormality of color vision and metamorphopsia in her right eye, a half day after an emergency cesarean delivery. Fundus examinations showed developing serous retinal detachment (SRD) from superior hemisphere to the posterior pole in her right eye. Then, fluorescein angiography (FA) showed some granular leakages from the areas above the optic disc in her right eye and around the optic disc in her left eye. Indocyanine green angiography (IA) also showed choroidal hypoperfusion during the early-phase and choroidal hyperpermeability during the mid-phase in the same areas of leakages in FA. SD-OCT also showed posterior SRD in her right eye and peripapillary flat SRD in her left eye, and enhanced depth imaging OCT (EDI-OCT) revealed increased choroidal thickness. SRD gradually disappeared and her symptoms improved during observation with appropriate treatment for hypertension and resolution of DIC. Moreover, increased choroidal thickness in right eye improved in the only areas showing abnormal angiography findings, but subfoveal choroidal thickness in both eyes did not change over the clinical course.
UNASSIGNED: Our case shows that hypertensive choroidopathy with developing SRD and visual disorder in the patient with HDP, can be improved by appropriate treatment for general state. Moreover, SD-OCT shows a new finding that increased choroidal thickness improved in the abnormal angiography areas earlier than SRD was completely disappeared. OCT may be a useful module to evaluate the changes in the choroidal structures for diagnosis and follow-up in a patient with hypertensive choroidopathy.

UNASSIGNED: We present the case of a 22-year-old woman, diagnosed as having atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome with a hypertensive crisis, who presented a bilateral serous retinal detachment.
UNASSIGNED: A 22-year-old woman, diagnosed as having atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome, was referred for blurred vision in both eyes, evolving over 7 days. Treatment including hemodialysis, plasma exchange, systemic steroids, antihypertensive medications and eculizumab was started 1 month prior to referral. At presentation, best-corrected visual acuity was 20/40 in the right eye and 20/25 in the left eye. Retinal examination revealed bilateral serous retinal detachment in the posterior pole and some small, flat, variably pigmented lesions. Optical coherence tomography confirmed marked serous retinal detachment in both eyes. Fluorescein and indocyanine green angiography was performed. Treatment for systemic hypertension was changed. Seven days later, dilated fundus examination and optical coherence tomography demonstrated a significant regression of the serous retinal detachment. Her visual acuity improves in both eyes at the last control, showing at fundus examination a complete resolution of the exudative detachment but a persistence of variable flat pigmented lesion.
UNASSIGNED: Although multiple organ systems are commonly affected in hemolytic uremic syndrome, ocular involvement has only been described in very few cases. Ocular manifestations in atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome include retinal, choroidal and vitreal hemorrhages, retina and/or ischemic signs. Bilateral serous retinal detachment may also be a sign of atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome or even the first manifestation of a hypertensive event.

A 32 year-old man who presented with severe elevation of blood pressure after failure of kidney transplant. The patient had multiple serous retinal detachments, venous dilation, arteriolar narrowing, retinal haemorrhages, as well as optic disc oedema. Due to the impossibility of performing a fluorescein angiography, an angiotomography and en-face optical coherence tomography images were used to identify the vascular alterations in the retina, choroid, and choriocapillaris. Angiotomography and en face-optical coherence tomography mode images are very useful in cases where it is not possible to perform fluorescein angiography.

UNASSIGNED: To report a case of hypertensive choroidopathy with bilateral bullous serous retinal detachments (SRDs), retinal pigment epithelial detachments (PEDs), and giant retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) tears.
UNASSIGNED: A 68-year-old man with a history of hypertension and diabetes mellitus presented with bilateral visual loss of about 10 day\'s duration. He discontinued his oral medications for 2 months without the advice of a physician. At his first visit, the best-corrected visual acuities (BCVAs) were 0.02 in the right eye and 0.3 in the left eye (decimal notation), and the respective intraocular pressures were 15 and 13 mmHg. Bullous SRDs, large PEDs, and giant RPE tears were present bilaterally. Blot retinal hemorrhages and hard exudates were seen in the left eye. The systemic blood pressure was 231/77 mmHg, and bilateral lower leg edema was observed. Biochemical blood tests showed deteriorated renal function, hypoalbuminemia, and hyperglycemia. Ultra-wide-field fundus fluorescein angiography showed leakage at the areas of the SRDs and hyperfluorescent areas corresponding to the RPE tears bilaterally. Indocyanine green angiography showed hypofluorescent areas corresponding to the PEDs. Systemic computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging were performed, and no malignancy was found. Based on these findings, hypertensive choroidopathy was diagnosed. A week after antihypertensive treatment, the SRDs and PEDs resolved bilaterally, and the BCVAs improved to 0.4 and 0.5 in the right and left eyes, respectively. The RPE tears remained in both eyes, although the SRDs and PEDs did not recur.
UNASSIGNED: Hypertensive choroidopathy must be considered in the differential diagnosis of SRDs and/or PEDs.

OBJECTIVE: To present the case of a patient with a hypertensive choroidopathy and her follow-up using multimodal imaging; and to assess how wide-field swept-source (SS) Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography (OCTA) contributes to detecting the areas of hypoperfusion.
METHODS: A 25-year-old white woman with terminal renal insufficiency, myopericarditis, and cerebrospinal fluid pressure of 37 mmHg indicating intracranial hypertension, presented with a painless loss of vision in both eyes. Her blood pressure was 190/135 mmHg. A thorough diagnosis work-up failed to reveal the etiology. The fundus examination showed arterial narrowing and moderate venous dilation in both eyes. Deep yellow spots were found bilaterally, associated with slight pigment epithelium detachments and exudative retinal detachments. Multimodal imaging showed characteristic features of choroidal involvement in hypertension. Wide-field 12 × 12 mm PlexElite map montage at the choriocapillaris slab identified areas of non-perfusion of the choriocapillaris. These areas mostly correlate with late indocyanine green angiography (ICGA)-presumed choroidal ischemia. During the follow-up, the patient\'s blood pressure normalized and the choriocapillaris flow improved.
CONCLUSIONS: In this case of malignant hypertensive retinopathy with exudative retinal detachment of the posterior pole, SS-OCTA showed multiple and widespread flow voids on the choriocapillaris slabs, corresponding to the areas of hypofluorecence on ICGA, demonstrating an associated hypertensive choroidopathy. It would appear that SS-OCTA used alone is capable to show choroidal vascularization impairment in cases of hypertensive retinopathy.