In this manuscript, we have investigated the dielectric and antibacterial potential of hydrothermally synthesized ZnMnO nanoparticles. The synthesized nanoparticles were annealed at various temperatures ranging from 450 to 650 °C with a step of 50 °C to modulate the structural, vibrational, dielectric, and antibacterial properties. XRD data confirmed the hexagonal structure of the synthesized samples and crystalline size was decreased to 4.8 nm at annealing temperature 600 °C. The lattice structure was further verified by Raman spectroscopy measurements, which strongly verified the XRD data due the presence of ZnMnO vibrational modes. The dielectric measurements revealed that the dielectric constant and los tangent were found to be increased with the increase annealing temperature and decreased with frequency, while a.c conductivity has an increasing trend with both parameters (temperature and frequency). The plot of real and complex parts of impedance against frequency demonstrated that both parameters decrease with the increased in frequency. But when we analyzed the behavior of the real part of impedance against the annealing temperature, a degradation in real part behavior is observed. The antibacterial activity of ZnMnO nanoparticles was determined by using the disc diffusion method against E. coli bacteria, which was grown on a Petri dish at room temperature for 24 h. This observation revealed that the samples annealed at 450 °C and 550 °C show remarkable antibacterial sensitivity as compared to other samples. It is concluded that crystalline size of 20 nm is found to be optimal value for good anti-baterial behavior.

Understanding the development and performance of UV photodetectors is crucial, given their extensive applications in both military and civilian sectors. The evolution of self-powered photodetectors, especially those based on heterojunction nanostructures, has demonstrated significant potential for enhancing both device efficiency and functionality. By exploring the effects of material composition and structural design, can optimize these devices for improved photoelectric response and energy efficiency. In this study, we prepared the CuO/ZnO NRs heterojunction photodetector on an ITO substrate to enhance photoelectric response of UV detectors. The fabrication process utilized the hydrothermal method and the spin coating technique. The effect of CuO concentration on the optical response of the photodetector under UV radiation at wavelengths of 405 nm and 385 nm was investigated. The samples were characterized using FESSEM, XRD, EDX, and UV-Vis spectra. The device is further distinguished by its standard I-V curves and photocurrent-time curves, which demonstrate the device\'s behavior under various light conditions. The prepared thin films are polycrystalline, with CuO layers displaying monoclinic phases and ZnO layers exhibiting a hexagonal wurtzite phase. All samples have the potential to exhibit photovoltaic properties and self-powered capabilities. Furthermore, the I-V curve confirms that the photocurrent mechanism of these junctions adheres to the recombination standard, in addition to demonstrating correction behavior. A sample with a CuO concentration of 0.1 M shows the highest photosensitivity, reaching 340,700%, and a photocurrent gain (Iph/Idark) of 3,408 when exposed to light irradiation at 405 nm. Additionally, it exhibits a rapid response time of 0.8 s.

We report the synthesis, crystal structure, magnetization and specific heat studies of YCo3(OH)6.55Br2.45single crystal. YCo3(OH)6.55Br2.45crystallizes in trigonal structure, in which Co2+ions form a perfect kagomé lattice. The magnetic susceptibility reveals successive magnetic transitions at 6.5 and 7.8 K and the Curie-Weiss fitting demonstrates that YCo3(OH)6.55Br2.45has strong antiferromagnetic coupling and pronounced magnetic frustration effect. Specific heat data suggest that low-Tmagnetic transitions are attributed to antiferromagnetic ordering of Co2+ions and the magnetic entropy points to effective 1/2 spin in the system. These results indicate that an unusual magnetic ordering state with effective spin-1/2 is realized in kagomé lattice system YCo3(OH)6.55Br2.45.

In this experiment, Bi2Sn2O7/ZnO composite photocatalytic materials were synthesized by a hydrothermal method and characterized by XRD, SEM, and EDS, etc. The prepared Bi2Sn2O7/ZnO has a nanorod structure and high phase purity. The photocatalytic antimicrobial performance of Bi2Sn2O7/ZnO against bacteria and fungi under visible light was significantly better than that of single Bi2Sn2O7 and ZnO. In particular, 1000 mg/L 1:3 Bi2Sn2O7/ZnO showed an antimicrobial rate of more than 97% against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida albicans, which are widely present in the nature. The free radical trapping experiments were selected and the antimicrobial mechanism was investigated, and the results showed that the antimicrobial process of the Bi2Sn2O7/ZnO system was regulated by the free radicals such as ·OH, h+, and e-, which were generated by its unique photocatalytic activity. Finally, MTT cytotoxicity experiments demonstrated that the Bi₂Sn₂O₇/ZnO composite was not toxic to cells. In addition, the antimicrobial performance of Bi2Sn2O7/ZnO on real livestock wastewater and the real-life application of the prepared Bi2Sn2O7/ZnO PCL composite antibiotic film for antimicrobial treatment of freshly cut fruits\' surfaces under visible light were experimentally investigated. This study provides a new idea for Bi2Sn2O7/ZnO as a photocatalytic antimicrobial agent.

Aqueous aluminium ion batteries (AAIBs) have attracted much attention due to their high theoretical capacity, safety, and environmental friendliness. However, the Research and Development (R&D) of cathode materials has limited its development and application. MoO3 has been proven to be a reliable and stable cathode material, nevertheless, it faces the dilemma of poor cycling performance and low specific capacity in AAIBs due to the irreversible phase transition in its structure. In this paper, MoO3 synthesized by a hydrothermal method has a unique nanobelt structure, which significantly enhances the structural stability of MoO3 and reduces its structural damage during charging/discharging. In addition, the nanobelt structure also gives MoO3 a rougher surface, which provides a large number of active sites and spaces for the insertion and extraction of Al3+ and improves the diffusion rate of Al3+ to a large extent. Experimental results demonstrate that this MoO3 nanobelt cathode exhibits significantly improved cycling stability and high specific capacity in AAIBs. This paper provides a practical solution to the existing challenges of AAIBs and further promotes the development and application of molybdenum-based materials in AAIBs.

Widespread ecosystem degradation from noxious substances like industrial waste, toxic dyes, pesticides, and herbicides poses serious environmental risks. For remediation of these hazardous problems, present study introduces an innovative Cu-doped Ce₂Zr₂O₇ nano-photocatalyst, fabricated via a simple, eco-friendly hydrothermal method, designed to degrade toxic textile dye methylene blue. Harnessing Cu doping for pyrochlore Ce2Zr2O7, structure engineering carried out through a hydrothermal synthesis method to achieve superior photocatalytic performance, addressing limitations of rapid charge carrier recombination in existing photocatalysts. Photoluminescence analysis showed that doped pyrochlore slows charge carrier recombination, boosting dye degradation efficiency. UV-Visible analysis demonstrated an impressive 96 % degradation of methylene blue by Cu-doped Ce2Zr2O7 within 50 min, far exceeding the performance of pristine materials. Trapping experiments clarified the charge transfer mechanism, deepening our understanding of the photocatalytic process. These findings highlight the potential for developing innovative, highly efficient photocatalysts for environmental remediation, offering sustainable solutions to combat pollution. This study not only addresses the limitations of existing photocatalysts but also opens new avenues for enhancing photocatalytic performance through strategic material design.

Vanadium pentoxide (V2O5) nanoparticles exhibit diverse properties and have been studied for a wide range of applications, including energy storage, catalysis, environmental remediation, and material enhancement. In this work, we have reported the synthesis of vanadium pentaoxide (V2O5) nanoparticles using hydrothermal method. Ammonium metavanadate (NH4VO3) was used as a source of vanadium. These syntheses were carried out at four different concentrations of vanadium source. The hydrothermal reaction was conducted at a temperature of 180 °C for a duration of 24 hours, followed by an additional 24 hours period of natural cooling. Four samples were annealed in air using a muffle furnace at 500 °C for five hours. The x-ray diffraction technique was used to study the structural aspects. A comparative analysis of the microstructure was conducted utilizing the Scherrer method, the Williamson-Hall method and its various models, size-strain analysis, and the Halder-Wagner method. The crystallite size and microstrain were determined using these distinct methods, revealing a systematic correlation between the crystallite size and microstrain obtained through the different techniques.

This study aims to enhance the performance of supercapacitors, focusing particularly on optimizing electrode materials. While pure NiMn layered double hydroxides (LDHs) exhibit excellent electrochemical properties, they have limitations in achieving high specific capacitance. Therefore, this paper successfully synthesized composite materials of NiMn LDHs with varying loadings of graphene oxide (GO) using a hydrothermal method. Systematic physicochemical characterization of the synthesized materials, such as powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), and Raman spectroscopy, revealed the influence of GO doping on the microstructure and electrochemical performance of NiMn LDHs. Electrochemical tests demonstrated that the NiMn LDHs/GO electrode material exhibited optimal electrochemical performance with a specific capacitance of 2096 F g-1 at 1 A g-1 current density and 1471 F g-1 at 10 A g-1, when GO doping level was 0.45 wt%. Furthermore, after 1000 cycles of stability testing, the material retained 53.3% capacitance at 5 A g-1, indicating good cyclic stability. This study not only provides new directions for research on supercapacitor electrode materials but also offers new strategies for developing low-cost and efficient electrode materials.

The manganese-cobalt mixed oxide nanorods were fabricated using a hydrothermal method with different metal precursors (KMnO4 and MnSO4·H2O for MnOx and Co(NO3)2⋅6H2O and CoCl2⋅6H2O for Co3O4). Bamboo-like MnO2⋅Co3O4 (B-MnO2⋅Co3O4 (S)) was derived from repeated hydrothermal treatments with Co3O4@MnO2 and MnSO4⋅H2O, whereas Co3O4@MnO2 nanorods were derived from hydrothermal treatment with Co3O4 nanorods and KMnO4. The study shows that manganese oxide was tetragonal, while the cobalt oxide was found to be cubic in the crystalline arrangement. Mn surface ions were present in multiple oxidation states (e.g., Mn4+ and Mn3+) and surface oxygen deficiencies. The content of adsorbed oxygen species and reducibility at low temperature declined in the sequence of B-MnO2⋅Co3O4 (S) > Co3O4@MnO2 > MnO2 > Co3O4, matching the changing trend in activity. Among all the samples, B-MnO2⋅Co3O4 (S) showed the preeminent catalytic performance for the oxidation of toluene (T10% = 187°C, T50% = 276°C, and T90% = 339°C). In addition, the B-MnO2⋅Co3O4 (S) sample also exhibited good H2O-, CO2-, and SO2-resistant performance. The good catalytic performance of B-MnO2⋅Co3O4 (S) is due to the high concentration of adsorbed oxygen species and good reducibility at low temperature. Toluene oxidation over B-MnO2⋅Co3O4 (S) proceeds through the adsorption of O2 and toluene to form O*, OH*, and H2C(C6H5)* species, which then react to produce benzyl alcohol, benzoic acid, and benzaldehyde, ultimately converting to CO2 and H2O. The findings suggest that B-MnO2⋅Co3O4 (S) has promising potential for use as an effective catalyst in practical applications.

The present study investigates the effects of Er3+ doping content on the microstructure and up-conversion emission properties of CaTiO3: Er3+ phosphors as a potential material in biomedical applications. The CaTiO3: x%Er3+ (x = 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, and 3.0%) films were synthesized on Ti substrates by a hydrothermal reaction at 200 °C for 24 h. The SEM image showed the formation of cubic nanorod CaTiO3: Er3+ films with a mean edge size value of (1-5) μm. When excited with 980 nm light, the CaTiO3: Er3+ films emitted a strong green band and a weak red band of Er3+ ions located at 543, 661, and 740 nm. The CaTiO3: Er3+ film exhibited excellent surface hydrophilicity with a contact angle of ~zero and good biocompatibility against baby hamster kidney (BHK) cells. CaTiO3: Er3+ films emerge as promising materials for different applications in the biomedical field.