Khuzestan省(伊朗西南部)的石油工业是造成该地区环境污染的主要原因之一。TPH,包括芳族和脂族化合物,是造成污染的重要参数。本研究旨在调查2022年阿瓦兹油田TPH污染土壤的来源。土壤样本是从四个石油中心(一个石油开采单位,一个石油脱盐装置,石油钻井平台,和一个泵油中心)。油田外的区域被确定为控制区。根据标准方法从每个区域取10个样品,重复三次。通过HPLC和GC方法测量芳香族和脂肪族化合物。正矩阵分解(PMF)模型和异构体比率用于确定土壤样品中芳香族化合物的来源分配。还使用影响范围低和影响范围中值指数来评估土壤样品中石油化合物的生态风险水平。结果表明,在阿瓦兹油田的土壤样品中,苯并氟蒽的浓度最高,平均为5667.7ug/kg。在来自泵油中心区域的样品中发现最高的平均值为7329.48ug/kg,而最低的是在对照样品中发现的19.4ug/kg-1。在泵油中心也发现了最高水平的脂肪族成分,共3649(mg。kg-1)。土壤样品中石油化合物的来源解析结果表明,石油活性占土壤中多环芳烃含量的51.5%。38.3%的其他测量化合物具有人为起源,这些化合物中只有10.1%是生物来源的。异构比的结果还表明了PAH化合物的局部石油和热解起源,这与PMF结果一致。对环境中PAHs释放产生的生态风险指数的分析表明,除了荧蒽,石油开采单位区域的其他PAHs高于影响范围中位数(ERM),并且处于高风险。研究结果表明,土壤总石油烃(TPH)污染,芳香族和脂肪族,处于高水平,主要是由人类活动引起的,特别是石油活动。
The oil industry in Khuzestan province (Southwest Iran) is one of the main reasons contributing to the pollution of the environment in this area. TPH, including both aromatic and aliphatic compounds, are important parameters in creating pollution. The present study aimed to investigate the source of soil contamination by TPH in the Ahvaz oil field in 2022. The soil samples were collected from four oil centers (an oil exploitation unit, an oil desalination unit, an oil rig, and a pump oil center). An area outside the oil field was determined as a control area. Ten samples with three replicates were taken from each area according to the standard methods. Aromatic and aliphatic compounds were measured by HPLC and GC methods. The positive matrix factorization (PMF) model and isomeric ratios were used to determine the source apportionment of aromatic compounds in soil samples. The effects range low and effects range median indices were also used to assess the level of ecological risk of petroleum compounds in the soil samples. The results showed that Benzo.b.fluoranthene had the highest concentration with an average of 5667.7 ug/kg in soil samples in the Ahvaz oil field. The highest average was found in samples from the pump oil center area at 7329.48 ug/kg, while the lowest was found in control samples at 1919.4 ug/kg-1. The highest level of aliphatic components was also found in the pump oil center, with a total of 3649 (mg. Kg-1). The results of source apportionment of petroleum compounds in soil samples showed that oil activities accounted for 51.5% of the measured PAHs in soil. 38.3% of other measured compounds had anthropogenic origins, and only 10.1% of these compounds were of biotic origin. The results of the isomeric ratios also indicated the local petroleum and pyrogenic origin of PAH compounds, which is consistent with the PMF results. The analysis of ecological risk indices resulting from the release of PAHs in the environment showed that, except for fluoranthene, other PAHs in the oil exploitation unit area were above the effects range median level (ERM) and at high risk. The results of the study showed that soil pollution by total petroleum
hydrocarbons (TPH), both aromatic and aliphatic, is at a high level, and is mainly caused by human activities, particularly oil activities.