Citarum河中的拟除虫菊酯残留物,印度尼西亚,首先根据它们的发生进行调查,水同化能力,和风险评估。在本文中,首先,建立并验证了一种相对简单有效的方法,用于分析河水基质中的七种拟除虫菊酯:联苯菊酯,甲氰菊酯,氯菊酯,β-氟氯氰菊酯,氯氰菊酯,氰戊菊酯,还有溴氰菊酯.接下来,验证的方法用于分析Citarum河中的拟除虫菊酯。三种拟除虫菊酯,β-氟氯氰菊酯,氯氰菊酯,还有溴氰菊酯,在某些采样点检测到浓度高达0.01mg/L。水同化能力评估表明,β-氟氯氰菊酯和溴氰菊酯的污染超过了Citarum河的水容量。然而,由于拟除虫菊酯的疏水性,通过结合沉积物的去除是预期的。生态毒性风险评估表明,β-氟氯氰菊酯,氯氰菊酯和溴氰菊酯通过食物链中的生物积累对Citarum河及其支流中的水生生物构成风险。根据检测到的拟除虫菊酯的生物富集因素,β-氟氯氰菊酯对人类的不利影响最大,而氯氰菊酯是最安全的。基于危害指数的人类风险评估表明,与食用受β-氟氯氰菊酯污染的研究地点的鱼类相关的急性非致癌风险,氯氰菊酯和溴氰菊酯不太可能。然而,危险商表明,从研究地点食用被β-氟氯氰菊酯污染的鱼类可能存在慢性非致癌风险。然而,由于每种拟除虫菊酯的风险评估是单独进行的,应进一步评估拟除虫菊酯混合物对水生生物和人类的影响,以探索拟除虫菊酯对河流系统的真正影响。
Pyrethroid residues in the Citarum River, Indonesia, was first investigated based on their occurrences, water assimilative capacity, and risk assessment. In this paper, first, a relatively simple and efficient method was built and validated for analysis of seven pyrethroids in a river water matrix: bifenthrin, fenpropathrin, permethrin, β-cyfluthrin, cypermethrin, fenvalerate, and deltamethrin. Next, the validated method was used to analyze pyrethroids in the Citarum River. Three pyrethroids, β-cyfluthrin, cypermethrin, and deltamethrin, were detected in some sampling points with concentration up to 0.01 mg/L. Water assimilative capacity evaluation shows that β-cyfluthrin and deltamethrin pollution exceed the Citarum river water capacity. However, due to hydrophobicity properties of pyrethroids, removal through binding to sediments are expected. Ecotoxicity risk assessment shows that β-cyfluthrin, cypermethrin and deltamethrin pose risks to the aquatic organisms in the Citarum River and its tributaries through bioaccumulation in food chain. Based on bioconcentration factors of the detected pyrethroids, β-cyfluthrin poses the highest adverse effect to humans while cypermethrin is the safest. Human risk assessment based on hazard index suggests that acute non-carcinogenic risk associated to consuming fish from the study location polluted with β-cyfluthrin, cypermethrin and deltamethrin is unlikely. However, hazard quotient shows that chronic non-carcinogenic risk associated to consuming fish from the study location polluted with β-cyfluthrin is likely. However, since the risk assessment was performed separately for each pyrethroid, further assessment on the impact of mixture pyrethroid to aquatic organisms and humans should be performed to explore the real impact of pyrethroids to the river system.