动物粪便中的抗生素抗性基因(ARGs)和抗生素抗性细菌(ARB)可以通过雾化释放到大气中,给农场工人带来很高的健康风险。到目前为止,很少关注雾化过程的表征。在这项研究中,从涉及猪的20个动物农场收集粪便和细颗粒物(PM2.5)样品,牛,图层,和肉鸡,和ARGs,ARB,和人致病菌(HPB)装载在这两种培养基中。结果表明,大约70%的ARGs,60%的ARB,发现43%的HPB是优先雾化的。目标30ARG的生物雾化指数(BI)在0.04至460.07之间变化,并且从tetW中检测到最高值。红霉素和四环素耐药细菌的最高BI值是Kocuria(13119)和葡萄球菌(24746),分别,两种显性ARB中BI的分布相似。关于HPB的生物雾化行为,糖脂梭菌WM1是猪和肉鸡养殖场中最容易雾化的病原体,流产布鲁氏菌菌株CNM20040339在牛和蛋鸡养殖场中的价值最高。值得注意的是,ARG的最高BI值,ARB,和HPB在养鸡场普遍检测到。大多数ARGs,ARB,HPB与动物年龄呈正相关,放养密度,和繁殖区。温度和相对湿度对目标的雾化行为有显著影响,这两个参数对同一目标的影响通常是相反的。这项研究的结果为更好地了解动物粪便对农场中空气传播的ARGs和HPBs的贡献提供了基础,以及控制粪便微生物组通过雾化途径向环境的运输。
Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) in animal feces can be released into the atmosphere via aerosolization, posing a high health risk to farm workers. So far, little attention has been paid to the characterization of the aerosolization process. In this study, fecal and fine particulate matter (PM2.5) samples were collected from 20 animal farms involving swine, cattle, layers, and broilers, and the ARGs, ARB, and human pathogenic bacteria (HPB) were loaded in these two media. The results showed that approximately 70% of ARGs, 60% of ARBs, and 43% of HPBs were found to be preferential aerosolization. The bioaerosolization index (BI) of target 30 ARGs varied from 0.04 to 460.07, and the highest value was detected from tetW. The highest BI values of erythromycin- and tetracycline-resistant bacteria were for Kocuria (13119) and Staphylococcus (24746), respectively, and the distribution of BI in the two types of dominant ARB was similar. Regarding the bioaerosolization behavior of HPB, Clostridium saccharolyticum WM1 was the most easily aerosolized pathogen in swine and broiler farms, and Brucella abortus strain CNM 20040339 had the highest value in cattle and layer farms. Notably, the highest BI values for ARGs, ARB, and HPB were universally detected on chicken farms. Most ARGs, ARB, and HPB positively correlated with animal age, stocking density, and breeding area. Temperature and relative humidity have significant effects on the aerosolization behavior of targets, and the effects of these two parameters on the same target are usually opposite. The results of this study provide a basis for a better understanding of the contribution of animal feces to airborne ARGs and HPBs in farms, as well as for controlling the transport of the fecal microbiome to the environment through the aerosolization pathway.