特异性蛋白(SP)和Krüppel样因子(KLFs)是C2H2型锌指转录因子,在分化中起重要作用。发展,增殖和细胞死亡。SP/KLF蛋白,类似于Wilms肿瘤蛋白1(WT1),早期生长反应(EGR),Huckebein,还有Klumpfuss,更喜欢结合富含GC的序列,如GC-box和CACCC-box(GT-box)。我们搜索了后生动物和单细胞全息动物的各种基因组和转录组,以寻找这些家族的成员。在Bilateria的三个谱系中鉴定出七组KLFs(KLFA-G)和三组SP(SPA-C)蜕皮动物,和Lophotrochozoa)。推断下颚脊椎动物的最后一个祖先至少有18个KLF(A组:KLF1/2/4/17,B组:KLF3/8/12;C组:KLF5/5l;D组:KLF6/7;E组:KLF9/13/16;F组:KLF10/KLF11;G组:KLF15/SP4/8/1因为它们在软骨鱼和骨鱼中都被发现。胎盘哺乳动物添加了KLF14(E组)和KLF18(A组),并且丢失了KLF5l(类似KLF5)和KLF15l(类似KLF15)。在基底后生动物中发现了多个KLF成员(Ctenophora,Porifera,胎盘动物,和Cnidaria)。Ctenophora的KLF数量最少,没有SP,这可能归因于其提议的姐妹群与其他后生动物的关系或基因丢失。而SP,EGR和Klumpfuss仅在后生动物中检测到,KLF,WT1和Huckebein存在于非后生动物中。在七个后生动物KLF群体中,只有KLFG,在人类中由KLF15代表,在非后生动物中发现。此外,在鞭毛虫和Filasterea中存在两个非元类群的KLFs。WT1在这些GC/GT盒结合家族中可能是进化上最早的,因为它仅存在于鱼腥草中。
Specificity proteins (SPs) and Krüppel-Like Factors (KLFs) are C2H2-type zinc finger transcription factors that play essential roles in differentiation, development, proliferation and cell death. SP/KLF proteins, similarly to Wilms tumor protein 1 (WT1), Early Growth Response (EGR),
Huckebein, and Klumpfuss, prefer to bind GC-rich sequences such as GC-box and CACCC-box (GT-box). We searched various genomes and transcriptomes of metazoans and single-cell holozoans for members of these families. Seven groups of KLFs (KLFA-G) and three groups of SPs (SPA-C) were identified in the three lineages of Bilateria (Deuterostomia, Ecdysozoa, and Lophotrochozoa). The last ancestor of jawed vertebrates was inferred to have at least 18 KLFs (group A: KLF1/2/4/17, group B: KLF3/8/12; group C: KLF5/5l; group D: KLF6/7; group E: KLF9/13/16; group F: KLF10/KLF11; group G: KLF15/15l) and 10 SPs (group A: SP1/2/3/4; group B: SP5/5l; group C: SP6/7/8/9), since they were found in both cartilaginous and boned fishes. Placental mammals have added KLF14 (group E) and KLF18 (group A), and lost KLF5l (KLF5-like) and KLF15l (KLF15-like). Multiple KLF members were found in basal metazoans (Ctenophora, Porifera, Placozoa, and Cnidaria). Ctenophora has the least number of KLFs and no SPs, which could be attributed to its proposed sister group relationship to other metazoans or gene loss. While SP, EGR and Klumpfuss were only detected in metazoans, KLF, WT1, and
Huckebein are present in nonmetazoan holozoans. Of the seven metazoan KLF groups, only KLFG, represented by KLF15 in human, was found in nonmetazoans. In addition, two nonmetazoan groups of KLFs are present in Choanoflagellatea and Filasterea. WT1 could be evolutionarily the earliest among these GC/GT-box-binding families due to its sole presence in Ichthyosporea.