发现具有新作用机制的抗微生物药物对于解决由于抗微生物药物耐药性而导致的可预见的全球健康危机至关重要。细菌双组分信号系统(TCS)是发现新型抗菌剂的有吸引力的靶标。TCS编码基因存在于所有细菌基因组中,通常由传感器组氨酸激酶(HK)和反应调节剂组成。由于TCSHK和人伴侣Hsp90的ATP结合域中保守的Bergerat折叠,因此对将Hsp90的抑制剂重新用作抗菌化合物有很大的兴趣。在这项研究中,我们探索了已知的Hsp90抑制剂支架3,4-二苯基吡唑(DPP)的化学空间,在以往文献的基础上,进一步了解它们对HK抑制的潜力。6种DPP类似物在体外抑制HK自磷酸化,对革兰氏阳性菌具有良好的抗菌活性。然而,机理研究表明,它们的抗菌活性与细菌膜的损伤有关。此外,DPP类似物对人胚胎肾细胞系具有细胞毒性,并诱导了其他Hsp90抑制剂显示的细胞停滞表型。我们得出的结论是,这些DPP结构可以进一步优化,因为提供与Hsp90结合和细胞毒性降低的细菌膜的特异性破坏物。此外,间苯二酚的X射线晶体结构,DPP衍生物的子结构,与HKCheA结合代表了基于片段的新型HK抑制剂设计的有希望的起点。
目的:新型抗菌药物的发现对于应对迫在眉睫的全球抗菌药物耐药性危机至关重要。发现具有新作用机制的新型抗菌剂,例如,靶向细菌双组分信号系统,对于绕过现有的抗性机制和刺激药物创新至关重要。这里,我们探索了癌症研究中开发的化合物作为双组分系统抑制剂的可能再利用,并研究了它们的脱靶效应,如细菌膜破坏和毒性。这些结果突出了有希望进一步开发新型细菌膜破坏剂和双组分系统抑制剂的化合物。
The discovery of antimicrobials with novel mechanisms of action is crucial to tackle the foreseen global health crisis due to antimicrobial resistance. Bacterial two-component signaling systems (TCSs) are attractive targets for the discovery of novel antibacterial agents. TCS-encoding genes are found in all bacterial genomes and typically consist of a sensor histidine kinase (HK) and a response regulator. Due to the conserved Bergerat fold in the ATP-binding domain of the TCS HK and the human chaperone
Hsp90, there has been much interest in repurposing inhibitors of
Hsp90 as antibacterial compounds. In this study, we explore the chemical space of the known
Hsp90 inhibitor scaffold 3,4-diphenylpyrazole (DPP), building on previous literature to further understand their potential for HK inhibition. Six DPP analogs inhibited HK autophosphorylation in vitro and had good antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive bacteria. However, mechanistic studies showed that their antimicrobial activity was related to damage of bacterial membranes. In addition, DPP analogs were cytotoxic to human embryonic kidney cell lines and induced the cell arrest phenotype shown for other
Hsp90 inhibitors. We conclude that these DPP structures can be further optimized as specific disruptors of bacterial membranes providing binding to
Hsp90 and cytotoxicity are lowered. Moreover, the X-ray crystal structure of resorcinol, a substructure of the DPP derivatives, bound to the HK CheA represents a promising starting point for the fragment-based design of novel HK inhibitors.
OBJECTIVE: The discovery of novel antimicrobials is of paramount importance in tackling the imminent global health crisis of antimicrobial resistance. The discovery of novel antimicrobials with novel mechanisms of actions, e.g., targeting bacterial two-component signaling systems, is crucial to bypass existing resistance mechanisms and stimulate pharmaceutical innovations. Here, we explore the possible repurposing of compounds developed in cancer research as inhibitors of two-component systems and investigate their off-target effects such as bacterial membrane disruption and toxicity. These results highlight compounds that are promising for further development of novel bacterial membrane disruptors and two-component system inhibitors.