背景:结核病仍然是全球范围内的主要公共卫生威胁,导致显著的发病率和死亡率,特别是在低收入和中等收入国家。近年来,抗击结核病的努力集中在加强医疗保健系统和增加获得诊断和治疗服务的机会。关于加纳伏尔塔地区结核分枝杆菌和利福平耐药结核病患病率的数据很少。因此,这项研究的目的是确定加纳一家主要教学医院的结核分枝杆菌和利福平耐药趋势,为期6年.
方法:在Ho教学医院进行了一项回顾性横断面医院研究,Ho,加纳。研究数据包括2016-2021年使用GeneXpert进行结核病检测的存档结果。收集结核病检测的存档数据,并使用MicrosoftExcel2019输入。IBMSPSS(v26)用于结核病患病率的统计分析。P值<0.05被认为具有统计学意义。
结果:该研究包括2016年至2021年的5128例结核病病例,其中552例阳性,总体患病率为10.76%。男性的结核病患病率(14.20%)明显高于女性(7.48%),男女比例为2:1。不同年龄段的结核病负担差异很大,与15岁以下的人群相比,30-45岁和46-60岁的人群面临两倍的风险(p<0.001)。与旱季(8.84%)相比,雨季与结核病发病率增加(12.12%)相关(p=0.008)。对利福平耐药的结核病患病率为3.45%,女性略高,特别是在45-59岁年龄段(5.97%)。特别是,结核病患病率呈现波动,在2016年(17.1%)和2020年(11.5%)达到峰值,2019年为低谷(4.6%)。
结论:实验室确诊的结核病总体患病率为10.76%,以及对利福平的抵抗,3.45%,表明高度感染和可能的治疗失败。考虑到它的传染性,这需要共同努力遏制感染的传播。
BACKGROUND: Tuberculosis remains a major public health threat worldwide, causing significant morbidity and mortality, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. In recent years, efforts to combat tuberculosis have focused on strengthening healthcare systems and increasing access to diagnostics and treatment services. There is scarcity of data on the prevalence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis in the Volta region of Ghana. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the trends of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and rifampicin resistance in a major teaching hospital in Ghana spanning a six-year period.
METHODS: A retrospective cross-sectional hospital study was conducted at Ho Teaching Hospital, Ho, Ghana. Study data included archived results on tuberculosis testing using GeneXpert from 2016-2021. Archived data on tuberculosis testing were collected and entered using Microsoft Excel 2019. IBM SPSS (v26) was used for a statistical analysis of the prevalence of tuberculosis. P-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.
RESULTS: The study included 5128 presumptive tuberculosis cases from 2016 to 2021, of which 552 were positive, revealing an overall prevalence of 10.76%. Males exhibited a significantly higher prevalence of tuberculosis (14.20%) compared to females (7.48%), with a male-to-female ratio of 2:1. The burden of tuberculosis varied significantly between age groups, with those aged 30-45 years and 46-60 years facing twice the risk compared to those under 15 years (p<0.001). Rainy seasons correlated with heightened tuberculosis occurrences (12.12%) compared to dry seasons (8.84%) (p = 0.008). Rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis was prevalent at 3.45%, slightly higher in women, particularly in the 45-59 age group (5.97%). In particular, tuberculosis prevalence exhibited fluctuations, peaking in 2016 (17.1%) and 2020 (11.5%), with a trough in 2019 (4.6%).
CONCLUSIONS: The overall prevalence of laboratory confirmed tuberculosis was 10.76%, and resistance to rifampicin, 3.45%, indicating high infection and possible treatment failure. Considering its infectious nature, this calls for concerted efforts to curb the spread of the infection.