This study aimed to analyze the association between internalized homophobia and its domains and depression in homosexual and bisexual individuals and to quantify its results in depression. This is a cross-sectional online and anonymous study based on the LGBT+ health study conducted in Brazil from August to November, 2020, summing 926 respondents. Depression was self-reported. Internalized Homophobia was measured by the Brazilian Internalized Homophobia Scale for Gays and Lesbians, using 80% percentile to classify elevated total and by domain scores. Statistical analysis was based on Poisson Regression models with robust variance. Depression prevalence was 23.7%. The results revealed that internalized homophobia was positively associated with depression only among homosexuals (Prevalence Ratio (RP) = 1.80; 95% confidence interval (95%CI) 1.12-2.90). We found no statistical association for stigma and oppression domains. Population attributable fraction of depression was 2.3% (95%CI 0.1-4.5) in relation to internalized homophobia. Our findings highlight the need of controlling internalized homophobia to decrease the prevalence of depression among homosexuals.
Objetivou-se analisar a associação entre homofobia internalizada e seus domínios e a depressão em indivíduos homossexuais e bissexuais e quantificar o resultado da sua diminuição na depressão. Trata-se de um estudo transversal baseado em dados do inquérito de saúde LGBT+, realizado no Brasil entre agosto e novembro de 2020, de forma on-line e anônima, totalizado 926 participantes. A depressão foi avaliada por autorrelato. A homofobia internalizada foi medida pela Escala de Homofobia Internalizada para Gays e Lésbicas Brasileiros, adotando-se como escores elevados total e por domínio os percentis de 80%. A análise estatística baseou-se na regressão de Poisson com variância robusta. A prevalência de depressão foi de 23,7%. Os resultados mostraram que a homofobia internalizada associou-se positivamente à depressão apenas entre os homossexuais (Razão de Prevalência (RP) = 1,80; intervalo de confiança de 95% (IC95%) 1,12-2,90). Não houve associação com os domínios isolados de estigma e opressão. A fração atribuível populacional de depressão foi de 2,3% (IC95% 0,1-4,5) em relação à homofobia internalizada. Esses achados destacam a importância do combate à homofobia que é internalizada para a diminuição da depressão em indivíduos homossexuais.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the possibility of applying Fuzzy Logic in analyzing the vulnerability of Women Who Have Sex with Women to Sexually Transmitted Infections/HIV/AIDS.
METHODS: We developed a Fuzzy Logic system with 17 input variables and one output variable, using data related to vulnerability in a municipality located in the Midwest region of the State of São Paulo, Brazil.
RESULTS: The factor with the greatest positive impact was the confirmation that a low understanding of Sexually Transmitted Infections/HIV/AIDS is associated with higher vulnerability. Conversely, the statement \"Not disclosing sexual activity to healthcare professionals,\" where individuals do not admit to having sex with women, had the least impact.
CONCLUSIONS: Fuzzy Logic facilitates the identification of vulnerability, expressed through the analysis of interaction between variables in each dimension. This makes it a promising method to assist in analyzing the vulnerability of specific populations.

This article explores the challenges faced by Chinese queer feminist activists as they navigate the rise of cyber-nationalist attacks. Drawing from the author\'s involvement in China\'s lala and feminist movements, activists writings, and three interviews, the article discusses how lala activists cope with the rising Chinese cyber-nationalism through various strategies and reconceptualize activism beyond identity groups. The first part of the paper situates the rise of nationalism in Chinese cyberspace in relation to global neo-fascism, identifying the overlapping cyber-trolling infrastructures, the basic form of \"palingenetic ultra-nationalism\", and the anti-gender/queer sentiments in neo-fascist movements transcending ideological and political divisions in different regions. The second part discusses the difficulties faced by lala activists when dealing with imbalanced accountability and censorship, as well as the \"hegemonic masculinity\" in cyber-nationalist attacks, revealing that hegemonic masculinity seeks not only to reinforce traditional gender norms but also to control everyone\'s personal lives. The last part argues that Chinese lala activists\' friendship-based alliances provide a valuable strategy under intensifying cyber-nationalism and state censorship. By engaging in diverse social issues and collaborating with various groups, this friendship-based solidarity prioritizes a caring life and fosters a situation where activists explore different social issues, initiate actions, and seek supporters based on specific issues instead of identities. This strategy may offer valuable insights into feminist/queer resistance during dark times, when the rise of global neo-fascism and its appropriation of identity discourse increasingly creates incommensuration between national identities and gender/sexuality identities.

OBJECTIVE: Are donor-conceived adults in Belgium interested in obtaining donor information, and do these interests vary based on their family backgrounds?
CONCLUSIONS: Donor-conceived adults express a significant interest in obtaining donor-related information, with the highest interest reported by offspring from heterosexual couples compared to those from lesbian couple-parented or single-parent families.
BACKGROUND: In Belgium, sperm donation is mainly anonymous, but the rise of direct-to-consumer genetic testing challenges this anonymity.
METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study involving an online nationwide survey conducted from July 2022 to October 2023. Participants, aged 18 years and older and being aware of their anonymous sperm donor-conceived status, were recruited through various channels.
METHODS: A total of 203 participants were included: 62.6% grew up in heterosexual families with infertile fathers, 26.1% with lesbian couples, 8.4% with single parents, and 3.0% in various or diverse family structures. The survey was available in both French and Dutch and consisted of 43 questions, including a mix of yes/no questions and multiple-choice items.
RESULTS: The average age of disclosure was 16.5 years, with notably later disclosure in heterosexual couple-parented households. A substantial 82.8% of donor-conceived individuals expressed a keen interest in obtaining non-personally identifiable donor information, while 69% were curious about personally identifiable donor data. Furthermore, 61.6% conveyed a desire for personal contact with their donors, and 26.6% advocated for the inclusion of the donor\'s name on their birth certificates. Participants raised in lesbian two-parent families exhibited the lowest level of interest in donor-related information compared with those raised in other family structures. An overwhelming 90.1% wondered about the possibility of having half-siblings from the same sperm donor. Analysis of survey responses on DNA database registration revealed that 55.2% of donor-conceived offspring were already registered, with 68.8% discovering the same donor offspring and 30.4% successfully locating their donors. Compared to individuals from other family structures, those raised in heterosexual couple-parented households exhibit a less positive attitude toward their conception through anonymous sperm donation. About 61.6% of donor-conceived individuals reported experiencing distinct emotions compared to their peers, while 44.1% encountered psychological difficulties related to anonymous sperm donation, primarily attributed to late disclosure. The majority supported the idea of informing the donor about the number of children he facilitated to conceive. Lastly, the study highlighted that 21.2% of donor-conceived adults considered becoming donors themselves, and 31.3% expressed willingness to use an anonymous donor whenever faced with fertility challenges.
CONCLUSIONS: Our sample size may not fully represent all adults conceived through anonymous sperm donation in Belgium. Participation bias may have influenced the results, especially due to the overrepresentation of participants from heterosexual couples. Additionally, an association exists between individuals raised by heterosexual couples and late disclosure, complicating the analysis by introducing a confounding factor.
CONCLUSIONS: The findings of this study contribute to a better understanding of the needs and preferences of donor-conceived adults, with significant potential impact on patient education and healthcare policy.
BACKGROUND: Study funding was not obtained for this research. There are no conflicts of interest to disclose.
BACKGROUND: N/A.

Using a vignette methodology, this study examined reactions to same-gender versus other-gender flirtation in a sample of 445 German young adults: 320 participants with a heterosexual orientation and 125 participants with a lesbian or gay (LG) orientation. Even in LG-friendly societies as Germany, receiving advances from someone of the same gender might still evoke heterosexuals\' homonegativity. Another factor that might influence heterosexuals\' reactions to same-gender flirtation is the fear of being misidentified as LG (social contagion concerns). Contrary to hypothesis, results provided little evidence to classify heterosexual participants\' reactions to same-gender flirters as homonegative. Firstly, heterosexual participants showed the same degree of negative affect and avoidance behavior in the same-gender flirtation condition as LG participants did in the other-gender flirtation condition. Only positive affect scores were somewhat lower for heterosexual participants in the same-gender flirtation condition compared to LG participants in the other-gender flirtation condition. Secondly, when anti-LG attitudes and social contagion concerns were considered together, only social contagion concerns contributed to explaining variance in heterosexual participants\' response to same-gender flirters. Specifically, the impact of social contagion concerns on heterosexual participants\' avoidance of same-gender flirters was mediated by (lacking) positive affect, but not negative affect.

As has been widely documented, minority stress affects the psychosocial well-being of gay and lesbian people. Recently, researchers have turned their attention to psychological factors that may influence the level of minority stress experienced, in order to explain individual differences in perceptions of proximal minority stressors. The present research aimed at assessing the effect of attachment avoidance and anxiety on levels of perceived stigma and internalized homonegativity. A total of 163 participants who self-identified as lesbian or gay (Mage = 32.56, SD = 10.87) were recruited and responded to the self-report questionnaires. Two multiple regression models were applied to assess the association between adult attachment and perceived stigma and internalized homonegativity. Results showed a positive association between attachment anxiety and avoidance and internalized homonegativity, as well as between attachment avoidance and perceived stigma. The emerging results demonstrate the impact of attachment anxiety and avoidance on proximal minority stressors and provide useful data for interventions addressing lesbian and gay people aimed at promoting security-based strategies of affect regulation and positive representations of self and others, which in turn may reduce the level of proximal minority stressors experienced and promote psychosocial well-being.

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The development of human sexual orientation remains a complex and multifaceted subject. It is often studied but its origins continue to elude us. In this preregistered study, our primary objective was to demonstrate the fraternal birth order effect (FBOE), which assumes a higher prevalence of older brothers in gay men than in their straight counterparts and which has also been recently recorded in lesbian women. Our second aim was to explore any potential impact of the FBOE on anal-erotic role orientation (AERO), both in gay and straight men. Our study sample included 693 gay men, 843 straight men, 265 lesbian women, and 331 straight women from Czechia and Slovakia. Employing a conventionally parameterized logistic regression model, we substantiated the FBOE among both gay men (OR = 1.35 for maternal older brothers) and lesbian women (OR = 1.71). These outcomes were confirmed by a more nuanced parameterization recently proposed by Blanchard (2022). Nonmaternal older brothers did not exhibit a significant influence on their younger brothers\' sexual orientation. Contrary to some earlier reports, however, our data did not establish the FBOE as exclusive to gay men with the receptive AERO. Furthermore, our observations indicated a lower offspring count for mothers of gay men compared to mothers of straight men. Emphasizing the positive FBOE outcomes, we acknowledge the need for caution regarding the various options that can be used to estimate the familial influences on sexual orientation.

Britain has recently gained notoriety as a global hotspot for anti-trans politics and \'gender critical\' feminism. But what is the relationship between British \'gender critical\' politics and the transnational \'anti-gender\' movement? Does Britain\'s gender critical feminism directly align with the global trends of anti-gender mobilisations, including the latter\'s authoritarian and neofascist tendencies? This commentary argues for a context-specific analysis of the British gender-critical movement which is attentive to its divergent political orientations. While some strands of gender-critical politics are openly allied with far-right politics and are explicitly anti-feminist, others include prominent figures from left-wing positions, including left feminists and lesbians. Challenging gender-critical politics in Britain requires a reckoning with its cross-political nature and an analysis of the factors that unite these different strands across left and right.

Muscle Dysmorphia (MD) and its psychological impacts on women, especially within sexual minorities, are still relatively understudied. The objective of this study was to compare the relationship of MD symptoms and psychological distress between heterosexual women and lesbian/bisexual women. Our sample consisted of 479 Brazilian cisgender women from the community, aged between 18 and 70 years (M = 32.78; SD = 10.45). Among them, 327 (68.27 %) identified as heterosexual, 134 (27.98 %) as bisexual, and 18 (3.76 %) as lesbian. To ensure there was no bias due to measurement error, the psychometric properties of the instruments in the sample were tested, and invariance between the groups was assessed. t-tests, structural equation modeling, and latent profile analyses were conducted to comprehend the differences between the groups. The results indicated significant differences and a greater severity of MD symptoms and distress for lesbian/bisexual women. The implications of these results are discussed, emphasizing the need for further exploration of MD studies within sexual minorities.