In ancient times Hippocrates described a disease, the 3rd phthisis, which seems to correspond to COPD and is mainly treated by walking, gradually increasing the number of steps until reaching 10,000 steps a day at the end of the initial period of treatment. The recent era began in the second half of the 20th century and ended in 2015, with an unusual Cochrane Library editorial in which it was stated that the accumulated evidence (statistically significant and clinically relevant improvements in clinical signs, tolerance to exercise, quality of life, days hospitalization…) on the effects of rehabilitation programs suffice to suspend research on the subject and to justify focus on new elements in the programs. It is essential, in fact, to establish uniform practical recommendations for the prescription of routine rehabilitation (number and duration of physical activity sessions, therapeutic education, re-training intensity…). In addition, studies should be carried out on new practices: community or home rehabilitation, long-term rehabilitation, tele-rehabilitation.

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BACKGROUND: Although otolaryngology became a subspecialty only since the middle of the nineteenth century, many diseases of ENT system, their clinical symptoms, universality and potential seriousness have been described since over 3000 years ago. Texts of the medical school of Cos and its founder Hippocrates (460-370 BC) collected in the Corpus Hippocraticum also contain multiple case reports and treatments for ear diseases. The aim of this study is to analyse an extract of one of Hippocrates\' treatise, which apparently describes the first case of cholesteotoma.
METHODS: We analysed a case from Epidemic by Hippocrates (VII, V, 1-9) from its English translation.
RESULTS: Analysis of the description of symptoms allows us to diagnose a complicated cholesteatoma with facial palsy and neuro-meningitis manifestation.
CONCLUSIONS: The meticulously detailed observations of the corpus give us a precious insight into the early perception of diseases and their evolution. The study of its history is of high interest to the fields of medicine, especially otorhinolaryngology. It also highlights the diseases and the suffering the diseases have inflicted on mankind since antiquity.

BACKGROUND: Hippocrates, a Greek physician during the fifth century BC., is often considered the father of medicine. The Corpus Hippocraticum comprising of 58 volumes was attributed to him alone for a long time. Nowadays, it is considered that several authors contributed to its creation between 450 and 150 BC., so over a period of 300 years. The objective of our study was to develop a nosological classification of all passages treating head and neck diseases.
METHODS: We read and analyzed all volumes of the Corpus Hippocraticum in French translation and extracted all passages dealing with oto-rhino-laryngological and maxillo-facial conditions (n = 65). We classified all pathologies into five distinctive nosological groups: traumatic, infectious, malformation, cancerous and inflammatory Results: Traumatic diseases represented 36.9% (n = 24), infectious 52.3% (n= 34), malformation 0% (n = 0), cancerous 11.5% (n = 1) and inflammatory 9.3% (n= 6). These results represent the living conditions of this era, during which diseases were mostly of infectious or traumatic nature (wars, physical labor and recreational sporting activity, living together on close quarters, etc.).
CONCLUSIONS: The meticulously detailed observations of the corpus give us a precious insight into the early perception of diseases, their progression and early attempts of treatment.