马刺,主要出现在公鸡中,是在鸡的小牛两侧的tarsometatarus附近的突起,并通过骨核连接到骨。作为男性偏向的形态特征,马刺的直径和长度在不同个体之间差异很大,主要与遗传和年龄有关。作为母鸡的一种特定行为,产卵在个体之间的特征也有很大差异,如第一个卵的年龄(AFE),鸡蛋重量(EW),等等。目前,关于鸡刺的研究很少。在这项研究中,我们研究了不同表型公鸡的刺性状的遗传模式以及刺长度之间的相关性,18周龄时的体重(BW18),18周龄时的小腿长度(SL18),和母鸡的产卵性状(母鸡和公鸡均来自同一种群,并根据其家族进行分组)。这些与产蛋有关的性状包括AFE,第一个鸡蛋的体重(BWA),和第一个鸡蛋重量(FEW)。我们根据谱系和表型数据估计遗传参数,并使用方差分析计算广义遗传力,以校正参数估计结果。结果表明,雄性左马刺和右马刺的遗传力范围为0.6至0.7。左右马刺长度呈显著正相关,BW18、SL18和BWA,以及左右支线长度和AFE之间。我们在人群中选择了35只马刺最长的男性和35只马刺最短的男性,并将它们汇集成两组以获得汇集的基因组测序数据。在通过FST进行全基因组关联和基因组差异分析后,等位基因频率差异(AFD),和XPEHH方法,我们确定了7个重叠基因(CENPE,FAT1,FAM149A,曼巴,NFKB1,SORBS2,UBE2D3)和14个峰值基因(SAMD12,TSPAN5,ENSGALG00000050071,ENSGALG00000053133,ENSGALG00000050348,CNTN5,TRPC6,ENSGALG00000047655,TMSB4X,LIX1,CKB,NEBL,PRTFDC1,MLLT10)通过全基因组选择标签分析和全基因组关联方法与左右支线长度相关。我们的结果确定了与鸡马刺相关的候选基因,这有助于了解该性状的遗传机制并围绕其进行后续研究。
Spurs, which mainly appear in roosters, are protrusions near the tarsometatarsus on both sides of the calves of chickens, and are connected to the tarsometatarsus by a bony core. As a male-biased morphological characteristic, the diameter and length of spurs vary significantly between different individuals, mainly related to genetics and age. As a specific behavior of hens, egg-laying also varies greatly between individuals in terms of traits such as age at first egg (AFE), egg weight (EW), and so on. At present, there are few studies on chicken spurs. In this study, we investigated the inheritance pattern of the spur trait in roosters with different phenotypes and the correlations between spur length, body weight at 18 weeks of age (BW18), shank length at 18 weeks of age (SL18), and the egg-laying trait in hens (both hens and roosters were from the same population and were grouped according to their family). These traits related to egg production included AFE, body weight at first egg (BWA), and first egg weight (FEW). We estimated genetic parameters based on pedigree and phenotype data, and used variance analysis to calculate broad-sense
heritability for correcting the parameter estimation results. The results showed that the
heritability of male left and right spurs ranged from 0.6 to 0.7. There were significant positive correlations between left and right spur length, BW18, SL18, and BWA, as well as between left and right spur length and AFE. We selected 35 males with the longest spurs and 35 males with the shortest spurs in the population, and pooled them into two sets to obtain the pooled genome sequencing data. After genome-wide association and genome divergency analysis by FST, allele frequency differences (AFDs), and XPEHH methods, we identified 7 overlapping genes (CENPE, FAT1, FAM149A, MANBA, NFKB1, SORBS2, UBE2D3) and 14 peak genes (SAMD12, TSPAN5, ENSGALG00000050071, ENSGALG00000053133, ENSGALG00000050348, CNTN5, TRPC6, ENSGALG00000047655,TMSB4X, LIX1, CKB, NEBL, PRTFDC1, MLLT10) related to left and right spur length through genome-wide selection signature analysis and a genome-wide association approach. Our results identified candidate genes associated with chicken spurs, which helps to understand the genetic mechanism of this trait and carry out subsequent research around it.