来自高等真菌的真菌植物化学物质,特别是那些来自烹饪药用猴头菌属的,在药物发现和医疗保健方面获得了极大的关注。这篇综述旨在提供对化学结构的全面分析,生物合成途径,生物活动,和从猴头菌属物种中分离的单体化合物的药理学性质。在过去的34年里,已经从各种猴头菌物种中鉴定出253种代谢物,包括硫烷二萜,生物碱,苯并呋喃,色烯,酚类物质,吡喃酮,类固醇,和其他杂项化合物。详细的调查,以生物合成的山梨碱,一种硫烷二萜,导致了新的氰化二萜的发现。广泛的研究强调了猴头菇衍生化合物的生物活性和药理特性,特别强调它们的神经保护和神经营养作用,免疫调节能力,抗癌活性,抗氧化性能,和抗菌作用。ErinacineA,特别是,已被广泛研究。基因组,转录组,和猴头菇物种的蛋白质组学分析促进了新化合物的发现,并通过基因组挖掘提供了对酶促反应的见解。猴头菇化合物的不同化学结构和生物活性支持其在医学和膳食补充剂中的潜在应用。这篇综述不仅促进了我们对猴头菌化合物的理解,而且还鼓励在医学领域进一步研究猴头菌。健康,功能性食品,农业微生物学。化合物类型的广谱及其不同的生物活性为开发新的药物和可食用产品提供了有希望的机会。
Fungal phytochemicals derived from higher fungi, particularly those from the culinary-medicinal genus
Hericium, have gained significant attention in drug discovery and healthcare. This review aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of the chemical structures, biosynthetic pathways, biological activities, and pharmacological properties of monomeric compounds isolated from
Hericium species. Over the past 34 years, 253 metabolites have been identified from various
Hericium species, including cyathane diterpenes, alkaloids, benzofurans, chromenes, phenols, pyrones, steroids, and other miscellaneous compounds. Detailed investigations into the biosynthesis of erinacines, a type of cyathane diterpene, have led to the discovery of novel cyathane diterpenes. Extensive research has highlighted the biological activities and pharmacological properties of Hericium-derived compounds, with particular emphasis on their neuroprotective and neurotrophic effects, immunomodulatory capabilities, anti-cancer activity, antioxidant properties, and antimicrobial actions. Erinacine A, in particular, has been extensively studied. Genomic, transcriptomic, and proteomic analyses of
Hericium species have facilitated the discovery of new compounds and provided insights into enzymatic reactions through genome mining. The diverse chemical structures and biological activities of
Hericium compounds underpin their potential applications in medicine and as dietary supplements. This review not only advances our understanding of Hericium compounds but also encourages further research into Hericium species within the realms of medicine, health, functional foods, and agricultural microbiology. The broad spectrum of compound types and their diverse biological activities present promising opportunities for the development of new pharmaceuticals and edible products.