头部占身体总表面积的10%。无保护,当暴露于寒冷条件时,它占总热量损失的很大一部分。这项研究的动机是需要澄清人类头部在热交换方面如何与其环境相互作用。准确估计人体头部的传热系数对于进行建筑物的热舒适性和安全性分析至关重要。在这项研究中,类似于真正的男性头部的热头被用来研究身体和周围环境之间的热传递。提出了三维计算流体动力学(CFD)模型来模拟室内人体头部的稳态干热损失。这个模型提供了热通量的预测,温度,和头部周围的速度分布。一个简单的关联,从数值和实验结果中得出,引入了自然对流和强制对流组合下头部的平均努塞尔数。这种相关性,依赖于无量纲参数(Grashof,雷诺兹,和普朗特数字),提供增强的准确性,简单,和更少的条款。混合对流的拟议相关性预测的平均努塞尔数与CFD和实验结果紧密匹配,相对百分比差异在±2%以内,表示在更广泛的流动条件下具有出色的准确性,包括温差和空气速度。此外,本研究探讨了封头直径对整体传热的影响。
The head represents 10 % of the body\'s total surface area. Unprotected, it accounts for a significant portion of overall heat loss when exposed to cold conditions. This study was motivated by a need to clarify how the human head interacts with its environment in terms of heat exchange. Accurate estimations of heat transfer coefficients on the human head are essential for conducting thermal comfort and safety analyses in buildings. In this study, a thermal head resembling a real male human head is utilized to investigate heat transfer between the body and the surrounding environment. A three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model is proposed to simulate steady-state dry heat loss from the human head within a chamber. This model provides predictions for heat flux, temperature, and velocity distribution surrounding the head. A straightforward correlation, derived from numerical and experimental findings, is introduced to forecast the average Nusselt number for the head under combined natural and forced convection. This correlation, relying on dimensionless parameters (Grashof, Reynolds, and Prandtl numbers), offers enhanced accuracy, simplicity, and fewer terms. The predicted average Nusselt numbers from the proposed correlation for mixed convection closely match CFD and experimental results, with relative percentage differences within ±2 %, signifying excellent accuracy across a broader range of flow conditions, including temperature differences and air velocities. Additionally, the study explores the impact of head diameter on overall heat transfer.