背景:精神健康障碍,尤其是抑郁和焦虑,在全球范围内广泛传播,需要有效的解决方案。以患者为中心的方法已被确定为解决这些挑战的可行且有效的方法。本文综合了以患者为中心的精神卫生服务的原则,并对现有文献进行了全面回顾。
方法:这是在2022年的系统回顾框架中进行的定性内容分析研究。PubMed,Scopus,系统地搜索了ProQuest和Cochrane数据库,通过筛选标题,摘要,以及与研究目的相关的研究文本,数据被提取出来。使用CASP清单进行定性研究,对研究质量进行评估。在根据进入和退出标准选择最终研究之后,随后,对从系统评价中获得的数据进行了专题分析。
结果:数据库搜索产生了6649个参考文献。筛选后,11项研究符合纳入标准。质量评分表明研究质量较高,偏倚风险可接受。主题分析确定了精神卫生服务中以患者为中心的六个主要原则:教育,参与与合作,access,有效性和安全性,健康和幸福,和道德。
结论:以患者为中心是精神卫生服务中的一种复杂方法。以病人为中心的原则和要素促进积极的病人结果,提高医疗保健质量,确保富有同情心和有效的护理。坚持这些原则对于实现以患者为中心的目标至关重要,道德和有效的精神卫生服务。此外,研究发现,患者教育可以提高依从性和满意度,减少不必要的住院治疗。患者参与决策受其年龄以及与心理学家的关系的影响。And,有效的领导和资源管理可以提高精神卫生服务的临床流程和以患者为中心。
BACKGROUND: Mental health disorders, particularly depression and anxiety, are widespread globally and necessitate effective solutions. The patient-centred approach has been identified as a viable and effective method for addressing these challenges. This paper synthesised the principles of patient-centred mental health services and provides a comprehensive review of the existing literature.
METHODS: This is a qualitative content analysis study conducted in a systematic review framework in 2022. PubMed, Scopus, ProQuest and Cochrane databases were systematically searched, and by screening the titles, abstracts, and the texts of studies related to the purpose of the research, the data were extracted. Evaluation of the quality of the studies was done using the CASP checklist for qualitative studies. After selecting the final studies based on the entry and exit criteria, subsequently, a thematic analysis of findings was conducted on the data obtained from the systematic review.
RESULTS: The database search produced 6649 references. After screening, 11 studies met the inclusion criteria. The quality scores indicated the studies were of high level of quality with acceptable risk of bias. The thematic analysis identified six major principles of patient-centredness in mental health services: education, involvement and cooperation, access, effectiveness and safety, health and well-being, and ethics.
CONCLUSIONS: Patient-centredness is a complex approach in mental health services. The principles and elements of patient-centredness foster positive patient outcomes, enhance healthcare quality and ensure compassionate and effective care. Upholding these principles is crucial for delivering patient-centred, ethical and effective mental health services. Furthermore, the study found that patient education can boost adherence and satisfaction, and decrease unnecessary hospitalisations. Patient involvement in decision-making is influenced by their age and the relationship with their psychologists. And, effective leadership and resource management can enhance clinical processes and patient-centredness in mental health services.