This study purpose was to test the Health Belief Model (HBM) and the Triandis Model of Interpersonal Behavior (TMIB) in predicting COVID-19 vaccine uptake among adolescents and young adults (AYAs). Data from an anonymous online survey were collected. Clusters of risk perceptions of infection were identified using Latent Class Analysis, and predictive values of TMIB and HBM factors were evaluated using logistic regression models. Response rate was 30% (468 participants). There was a combined significant effect of TMIB model components (habitual health behavior, intention, and facilitation conditions) on having received ≥1 dose of COVID-19 vaccine. Having received influenza vaccine in the past 12 months was associated with higher odds of COVID-19 vaccine uptake. Perceived vaccination benefits, and perceived risks of infection were associated with vaccine receipt; however, the HBM model performed inadequately. The HBM is commonly used in vaccine acceptance research; however, the TMIB may be more effective among AYAs.

UNASSIGNED: This study aimed to develop and validate an instrument, Dental Visiting Behavior Based on Health Belief Model among Adults (DVBHBM), and to assess factors influencing adults\' dental visiting behavior based on Health Belief Model.
UNASSIGNED: This cross-sectional study was conducted among 277 adults in Hyderabad, India. The DVBHBM instrument, based on Health Belief Model, was developed, validated, and distributed among participants. Exploratory factor analysis, reliability analysis, descriptive analysis, independent t-tests, and path analysis were conducted to explore construct validity, internal consistency, attitudes, and relationship among variables.
UNASSIGNED: Participants with discomfort exhibited higher perceived susceptibility (3.70 ± 1.15) compared to those with regular dental visits (2.84 ± 1.26, p < 0.05). Conversely, individuals with regular dental visits demonstrated significantly greater perceived benefits (22.32 ± 2.5) than those experiencing discomfort (19.76 ± 3.36, p = 0.001). Perceived barriers were lower among individuals with regular dental visits (11.01 ± 4.61) compared to those experiencing discomfort (12.71 ± 4.26, p = 0.001). Participants with regular dental visits also perceived the severity of not visiting a dentist (3.87 ± 0.95) more strongly than those experiencing discomfort (2.91 ± 1.03, p = 0.000). Cues to action were more pronounced in individuals with discomfort (3.34 ± 1.06) compared to those with regular dental visits (2.98 ± 1.07, p < 0.05).
UNASSIGNED: Participants exhibiting discomfort in dental visits had significantly higher perceived susceptibility, perceived barriers, cues to action and self-efficacy towards dental visits. However, factors such as age, gender, marital status, income, brushing, flossing and tobacco use did not impact dental visiting behaviour of adults.

BACKGROUND: Workforce health is one of the primary and challenging issues, especially in industrialized countries. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the ability to predict accident-proneness among Saveh Industry workers in Iran, based on an extended Health Belief Model, that included the construct of spiritual health.
METHODS: This descriptive-analytical study was conducted in 2022 on 384 workers in Saveh, Iran. The study aimed to explore relationships between accident proneness behavior, spiritual health, and health beliefs. The accident-proneness questionnaire consisted of two parts: the first part included demographic questions, and the second part comprised 9 sections covering personality traits, workplace harmful factors, miscellaneous factors, musculoskeletal disorders, safety culture, safety attitudes, job stress, organization interest, and degree of risk-taking. The Health Belief Model included 31 questions, while spiritual health was measured with the 20-question Paloutzian and Ellison questionnaire. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS version 26 software.
RESULTS: In terms of accident proneness, 229 (59.6%), exhibited high levels, 148 (38.5%) had medium levels, and 7 (1.8%) showed low levels of accident-proneness. Hierarchical multiple regression analysis showed that in the first model, variables of perceived self-efficacy, vulnerability, and severity independently predicted workers accident proneness, explaining a total of 43% of variance in accident proneness behavior. In the second step, perceived self-efficacy (β = 34%), perceived sensitivity (β = 27%), spiritual health (β = 16%), and perceived severity (β = 12%) were included, respectively, which explained a total of 46% of the variance of accident-prone behavior of workers.
CONCLUSIONS: Given the high rate of accident proneness observed in this study, there is a critical need for policymakers and health planners to design policies aimed at mitigating the risks associated with occupational accidents. Furthermore, the findings highlight the potential of integrating spiritual health into the Health Belief Model, as a conceptual framework for planning effective intervention programs to enhance workplace safety.

UNASSIGNED: This study investigated the determinants of community preventive behavior in complying with the Indonesian regulations to prevent COVID-19 local transmission.
UNASSIGNED: A cross-sectional study used to collect the data via an online cross using a form created from a google questionnaire forms. A total of 1,802 respondents were gathered at a single point in time. The authors used the Health Belief Model (HBM) approach to measure and create a model for the prevention of local transmission of COVID-19.
UNASSIGNED: This study found that more than half of the respondents still had low perceived susceptibility (16%) and severity (43%). There were only 3% respondents with perceived barriers and 19% with strong self-efficacy. The findings showed that self-efficacy and perceived barriers had statistically significant relationships with preventive behavior (p-value <0.05). The goodness of fit index showed that the proposed model was not fit for the data (RMSE<0.080, GFI>0.950, AGFI>0.950, SRMR<0.100), which means that it was not fit to describe the empirical phenomenon under study.
UNASSIGNED: This study found that more than half of the respondents still had low perceived susceptibility (84%) and severity (67%), but more than half had high perceived benefits (54%). Only a few respondents had significant barriers to implementing COVID-19 transmission prevention behaviours (3%). Still, most respondents had low perceived self-efficacy (81%), and only 60% had good behaviours related to COVID-19 prevention. In the context of COVID-19 preventive behaviour, we recommended to improve perceived susceptibility and severity by providing the correct information (which contain information about how people susceptible to the virus and the impact of infected by the virus) with the local cultural context.

A multimodal exercise training program might be the best way to improve motor and cognitive function in patients with Parkinson\'s disease (PD), but this has yet to be fully proven in PD patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). This study aims to examine the feasibility and effectiveness of a theory-based, multi-component exercise intervention in older people with PD-MCI. Participants were randomized into an intervention group (n=23) and an active control group (n=23), receiving the theory-based multi-component exercise intervention and Parkinson\'s health exercises, respectively. All participants performed 60-minute exercise training sessions three times a week over a 12-week period. The retention rate at post-intervention was 95.7% (42/46) for the entire cohort. The attendance rates were 99.6% in the intervention group and 99.5% in the control group. No adverse events occurred. The intervention group showed significantly greater improvements than the control group in global cognitive function, executive function, physical motor function, balance and gait, depression, and quality of life. This study indicates that the theory-based multi-component exercise intervention demonstrates high feasibility in promoting exercise adherence and is an effective treatment option for older adults with PD-MCI.

Social cognitive models are useful for improving our understanding of the relationship between people\'s health beliefs and disease risks and have been widely employed in human medicine. In veterinary science, there is little research about owners\' perceptions of pet health and parasitic infections/infestations, despite the risk of transmission of zoonotic pathogens by ectoparasites. This study investigated the effects of demographic factors on pet owner\'s perception of ectoparasite infestation risk and behaviours related to animal health in southeast Queensland, Australia employing the Health Belief Model (HBM). A total of 241 dog owners were surveyed in 2018. The electronic survey was generated through SurveyMonkey and distributed utilising UQ SVS and Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (RSPCA) email networks, informative posters and brochures placed in selected veterinary clinics, and in-person visits to dog parks. The relationship between dog owners\' perception of flea and tick infestation risk was assessed using an adaptation of the Health Belief Model, social cognitive framework for health protection. Most survey respondents were between 26 and 45 years of age (40%), identified themselves as females (83%) and had a bachelor\'s degree (43%). Our results indicate that female owners had greater level of health concern related to ectoparasites compared to males. Similarly, owners aged 18 to 25, with a grade 10 to 12 level of attained education and living predominately in a rural setting showed greater level of health concern related to ectoparasite infestations. The results also indicated that cat owners had on average, higher levels of health concern than dog owners. Our study indicates that the perceptions of pet owners towards perception of flea and tick infestation risk varies demographically, and owner education is an important predictor of prevention behaviours towards tick and flea infestation of pets.

BACKGROUND: Disparities in school attendance exist for children with medical complexity (CMC) due to COVID-19. Longitudinal changes in family-reported school safety perceptions and predictors of full-time, in-person school attendance are unknown.
METHODS: This was a prospective, longitudinal cohort study with 3 survey waves (June 2021-June 2022) among English- and Spanish-speaking families of CMC aged 5 to 17 years and pre-pandemic school attendance. Changes in Health Belief Model perceptions and full-time in-person school attendance were estimated using multivariate generalized linear modeling with repeated measures.
RESULTS: Among 1601 respondents (52.9% of 3073 invited), 86.8% participated in all 3 surveys. School safety perceptions improved with time; however, perceived susceptibility to COVID-19 increased. Full-time in-person school attendance rose from 48.4% to 90.0% from wave 1 to 3 (p < .0001), and was associated with motivation, benefits, and cues. For example, families with low compared to high motivation for in-person attendance had 76% versus 98% predicted probability for child\'s school attendance, respectively at wave 3 (p < .0001).
UNASSIGNED: Probability of full-time in-person school attendance was associated with several health belief model perceptions. School health policy and programs may benefit from promoting family motivation, benefits, and cues during future respiratory illness epidemics including COVID-19.
CONCLUSIONS: In-person school attendance improved for CMC over time. Opportunities exist to continue optimizing in-person attendance and family-perceived safety for CMC at school.

Physical and social disruptions resulted from the COVID-19 pandemic, affecting young adults in higher education. The purpose of this survey research is to unveil COVID-19 related beliefs using the Health Belief Model, and COVID-19 prevention behaviors, including self-reported fruit and vegetable consumption among university students. A cross-sectional survey was administered to 304 male and female undergraduate students from diverse ethnic backgrounds and majors at a New Jersey state university using convenience sampling. Variables measured included frequency of COVID-19 prevention behaviors (e.g.: wearing indoor mask, handwashing), and consumption of fruit and vegetables (dark green and orange vegetables) over the previous week. Health Belief Model constructs were assessed namely perceived susceptibility to COVID-19, severity, benefits, barriers, and self-efficacy. Statistical distributions were computed for the entire sample and t-tests were investigated for subgroups of age and sex. The sample mean age was 21.7 (SD = 4.7) years with 222 females (73%) and 82 males (27%), and 46% identified as White, non-Hispanics. Participants consumed a mean of 0.95 cups of fruit, 0.81 cups of green vegetables, and 0.46 cups of orange vegetables. Female students practiced more COVID-19 prevention behaviors with a mean difference of 0.26 (p<0.001), perceived greater severity from the virus (Δ = 0.37, p = 0.002) and had stronger perceptions of benefits (Δ = 0.18, p = 0.041), barriers (Δ = 0.21, p = 0.046), and self-efficacy (Δ = 0.20, p = 0.020) than their male counterparts. Older students (aged 23 and above) adopted more COVID-19 prevention behaviors (Δ = -0.35, p = 0.001) and perceived less barriers (Δ = 0.24, p = 0.047) than their younger peers. Nutrition educators and health professionals need to emphasize the importance of adopting preventive health behaviors among university students as strategies to mitigate the severity of COVID-19. Addressing barriers younger male and female students may elevate their motivation and self-efficacy to enact health behaviors.

Introduction The development of a questionnaire that measures knowledge, attitude, and practices towards micronutrients will help to develop nutrition intervention programs. The present study aimed to develop and assess the validity and reliability of a questionnaire on knowledge, attitude, and practices (KAP) on micronutrients in adolescents in India. Methods A total of 150 adolescent girls participated in the study. The literature was reviewed to formulate an initial draft of a questionnaire (122 items). Face and content validity were measured by participants and subject experts, respectively, and the content validity index was calculated. Construct validity was assessed using the principal component method of exploratory factor analysis. Internal consistency and test-retest reliability were determined by Cronbach\'s α value and interclass correlation coefficient correlations, respectively. Results The content validity index for all items except eight items from the practice subscale was satisfactory. Face validity results showed that participants understood all items. Exploratory factor analysis suggested a four-factor construct (perceived susceptibility and severity, perceived benefits, readiness to change, and perceived barrier) in the attitude subscale. Internal consistency for knowledge, attitude, and practice items were 0.980, 0.840, and 0.930, respectively. For knowledge and attitude items, interclass correlation coefficient correlation estimates ranged between 0.705 to 0.987 and 0.775 to 0.997, respectively, whereas for practice items, it ranged from 0.701 to 0.945. In the final questionnaire, 134 items consisting of 33 knowledge, 21 attitudes, and 80 practices (55 dietary practices and 25 other practices related to micronutrients) were included. Conclusion The results provided evidence of the validity and reliability of the questionnaire on micronutrients and that can be used to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practices on micronutrients in adolescents. Further studies in different diverse settings are recommended.

Pneumococcal vaccination (PV) is effective in preventing vaccine-type pneumococcal diseases. This study investigated the changes in PV uptake and its determinants before, during, and after the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic among community-living older adults aged ≥65 years in Hong Kong, China. Three rounds of random telephone surveys were conducted every two years from May 2019 to October 2023. Multivariate logistic regression models were fitted to examine the between-round differences in PV uptake rate and factors associated with PV uptake in each round. This study included 1563 participants. The standardized PV uptake rate in Round 1, 2, and 3 was 17.3%, 28.3%, and 35.5%, respectively. A significant difference in the PV uptake rate was found between Rounds 2 and 1 (p = 0.02), but not between Rounds 3 and 2 (p = 0.98). Perceived barriers, cue to action and self-efficacy, were significant determinants of PV uptake in all rounds. Perceived benefits were significant determinants of PV uptake in the first and second rounds, but not in the third round. Continuous monitoring of PV uptake and its determinants, and evaluating and adjusting the PV program, might contribute to the success of such a vaccination program in the post-pandemic era.