背景:劳动力健康是主要和具有挑战性的问题之一,尤其是在工业化国家。本研究的目的是评估预测伊朗SavehIndustry工人发生事故的能力,基于扩展的健康信念模型,其中包括精神健康的建构。
方法:这项描述性分析研究于2022年对Saveh的384名工人进行了研究,伊朗。本研究旨在探讨事故倾向性行为与事故倾向性行为之间的关系,精神健康,和健康信仰。事故倾向问卷由两部分组成:第一部分包括人口统计问题,第二部分包括9个部分,涵盖人格特质,工作场所有害因素,杂项因素,肌肉骨骼疾病,安全文化,安全态度,工作压力,组织利益,和冒险的程度。健康信念模型包括31个问题,而精神健康是用20个问题的Paloutzian和Ellison问卷测量的。收集的数据使用SPSS版本26软件进行分析。
结果:就事故倾向性而言,229(59.6%),表现出高水平,148(38.5%)处于中等水平,和7名(1.8%)的事故倾向性较低。分层多元回归分析表明,在第一个模型中,感知自我效能感的变量,脆弱性,和严重程度独立预测工人事故倾向,总共解释了43%的事故倾向性行为差异。第二步,感知自我效能感(β=34%),感知灵敏度(β=27%),精神健康(β=16%),并包括感知的严重程度(β=12%),分别,这解释了工人容易发生事故的行为差异的46%。
结论:鉴于本研究中观察到的高事故倾向率,决策者和卫生规划者迫切需要设计旨在减轻与职业事故相关风险的政策。此外,这些发现强调了将精神健康融入健康信仰模型的潜力,作为规划有效干预计划以增强工作场所安全的概念框架。
BACKGROUND: Workforce health is one of the primary and challenging issues, especially in industrialized countries. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the ability to predict accident-proneness among Saveh Industry workers in Iran, based on an extended Health Belief Model, that included the construct of spiritual health.
METHODS: This descriptive-analytical study was conducted in 2022 on 384 workers in Saveh, Iran. The study aimed to explore relationships between accident proneness behavior, spiritual health, and health beliefs. The accident-proneness questionnaire consisted of two parts: the first part included demographic questions, and the second part comprised 9 sections covering personality traits, workplace harmful factors, miscellaneous factors, musculoskeletal disorders, safety culture, safety attitudes, job stress, organization interest, and degree of risk-taking. The Health Belief Model included 31 questions, while spiritual health was measured with the 20-question Paloutzian and Ellison questionnaire. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS version 26 software.
RESULTS: In terms of accident proneness, 229 (59.6%), exhibited high levels, 148 (38.5%) had medium levels, and 7 (1.8%) showed low levels of accident-proneness. Hierarchical multiple regression analysis showed that in the first model, variables of perceived self-efficacy, vulnerability, and severity independently predicted workers accident proneness, explaining a total of 43% of variance in accident proneness behavior. In the second step, perceived self-efficacy (β = 34%), perceived sensitivity (β = 27%), spiritual health (β = 16%), and perceived severity (β = 12%) were included, respectively, which explained a total of 46% of the variance of accident-prone behavior of workers.
CONCLUSIONS: Given the high rate of accident proneness observed in this study, there is a critical need for policymakers and health planners to design policies aimed at mitigating the risks associated with occupational accidents. Furthermore, the findings highlight the potential of integrating spiritual health into the Health Belief Model, as a conceptual framework for planning effective intervention programs to enhance workplace safety.