未经证实:与普通人群相比,自闭症成年人患许多健康问题的风险较高,让医疗保健变得格外重要。不幸的是,自闭症患者经常发现医疗保健环境非常令人厌恶,许多医疗提供者报告不确定如何与自闭症患者互动。我们旨在描述医疗保健环境中有关感官体验和交流障碍的具体挑战。
UNASSIGNED:我们招募了成年人,以完成关于改善每个人的医疗保健体验的匿名在线问卷。这些问题涵盖了人口统计,医疗环境中的感官体验,以及与医疗保健提供者的沟通。我们量化了自闭症诊断与医疗保健环境中感觉不适和沟通障碍的经历之间的关联。我们还对如何改善感官环境和与提供者沟通的问题的文本回答进行了定性分析。
UNASSIGNED:瑞典成年人(62名自闭症患者和36名非自闭症患者)参与了这项研究。这群人受过良好的教育,自闭症参与者在晚年接受了自闭症诊断(平均年龄36岁,范围13-57)。与非自闭症参与者相比,自闭症参与者报告称,在医疗机构中对背景声音水平有更大的不适感,并感到更多的被医疗保健提供者误解.主题分析表明,听觉刺激和与他人的接近对自闭症参与者来说特别麻烦,造成压力或回避,并影响与提供者互动的能力。提供商未能认识到对个性化信息的需求,从而加剧了沟通障碍,特别是当受访者的困难不明显或不认真对待时。与会者要求提供更多的清晰度和补充书面资料。提供者还误解了自闭症成年人的肢体语言或眼神交流模式,因为他们通过神经典型期望的镜头来解释他们的客户。
UNASSIGNED:我们的结果通过强调医疗保健环境的感官方面并建议具体和合理的适应来扩展以前的研究。结果还强调了提供者对非语言交流的内隐期望如何导致自闭症患者的误解,这些自闭症患者具有社交技能,但不使用典型的肢体语言。根据数据,我们建议具体的改编,其中许多也可能有利于非自闭症患者。
未经评估:自闭症成年人的医疗保健需求往往得不到满足。与非自闭症成年人相比,这可能导致自闭症患者的健康状况较差。由于行为补偿策略,该群体的自闭症差异可能不明显。医疗保健提供者可能会低估自闭症成年人的支持需求,导致护理质量下降。通过分析自闭症成年人自己的经历,我们可能会更好地了解有效医疗保健的障碍。
UNASSIGNED:我们的目标是确定自闭症成年人在医疗保健环境中发现问题的感官和交流体验模式。
未经评估:在一份在线调查问卷中,我们询问了自闭症和非自闭症成年人,他们是如何经历各种医疗环境的。我们专注于特定的感官输入,如光照水平和背景声音,在候诊室和其他医疗环境中。我们还询问了有关患者与提供者之间沟通的问题。最后,我们对两组的感官环境的自由文本反应进行了定性分析,以及自闭症人群的交流。
UNASISIGNED:98人(62名自闭症患者)参加。大多数队列是女性或性别多样化,中年,受过良好教育。自闭症参与者认为听觉输入是医疗环境中最大的压力源之一。他们讨论了光线水平和其他人的存在对他们的能量水平和沟通能力的影响。医疗保健提供者经常误解他们的自闭症患者,导致医疗信息传输失败。参与者描述了提供者如何低估他们的需求,即使他们知道自闭症的诊断。参与者希望以较慢的速度和更多的细节获取信息,能够更好地处理医疗或程序信息。
UNASSIGNED:该研究提供了有关特定感官挑战的信息,并表明听觉噪声对自闭症患者尤其成问题。关于沟通的话题,调查结果指出了一个“双重同理心”的问题,提供者自身的局限性极大地造成了沟通障碍。这在非语言交流中很明显,提供者对神经典型肢体语言的期望导致了难以克服的误解。
未经评估:样本很小,由一个种族狭窄的人口群体组成。因此,结果无法推广到其他自闭症人群,比如最低限度的成年人。我们也没有测量超出诊断条件的健康状况。
UNASSIGNED:当自闭症的差异不明显时,感官和交流障碍的后果可能会完全被忽视。与医疗保健系统的不成功互动可能会对自闭症患者的健康和生活质量产生巨大影响。因此,教育者和提供者可以使用本研究中自闭症参与者提供的有见地的信息,为员工培训或感官环境设计提供信息.
UNASSIGNED: Autistic adults have an elevated risk of many health problems compared with the general population, making health care access extra critical. Unfortunately, autistic people often find health care settings quite aversive, and many medical providers report feeling unsure about how to interact with autistic patients. We aimed at characterizing specific challenges regarding sensory experiences and communicative barriers in health care settings.
UNASSIGNED: We recruited adults to complete an anonymous online questionnaire on the topic of improving health care experiences for everyone. The questions covered demographics, sensory experiences in medical settings, and communication with health care providers. We quantified the associations between autism diagnosis and experiences of sensory discomfort and communication barriers in health care settings. We also did a qualitative analysis of text responses to questions on how to improve sensory environments and communication with providers.
UNASSIGNED: Swedish adults (62 autistic and 36 nonautistic) participated in the study. The cohort was well educated, and autistic participants received their autism diagnosis late in life (median age 36 years, range 13-57). Compared with nonautistic participants, autistic participants reported greater discomfort with background sound levels in health care settings and felt more misunderstood by health care providers. Thematic analyses showed that auditory stimuli and proximity to other people were particularly bothersome for autistic participants, causing stress or avoidance and affecting the ability to interact with providers. Providers contributed to communication barriers by failing to recognize the need for individualized information, especially when respondents\' difficulties were not visible or taken seriously. Participants requested greater clarity and supplementary written information. Providers also misunderstood autistic adults\' body language or eye contact patterns, as they interpreted their clients through the lens of neurotypical expectations.
UNASSIGNED: Our results extend previous research by emphasizing sensory aspects of health care settings and suggesting specific and reasonable adaptations. The results also highlight how the provider\'s implicit expectations of nonverbal communication caused misinterpretations of autistic people who were socially skilled but did not use typical body language. Based on the data, we suggest specific adaptations, many of which may also benefit nonautistic people.
UNASSIGNED: Health care needs of autistic adults are often unmet. This may contribute to poorer health outcomes in autistic compared with nonautistic adults. Autistic differences may not be obvious in this group because of behavioral compensation strategies. Health care providers may underestimate the support needs of autistic adults, leading to decreased quality of care. By analyzing autistic adults\' own experiences, we may better understand barriers to effective health care.
UNASSIGNED: We aimed at identifying patterns of sensory and communicative experiences that autistic adults find problematic in health care settings.
UNASSIGNED: In an online questionnaire, we asked autistic and nonautistic adults how they experienced various medical settings. We focused on specific sensory inputs, such as light levels and background sounds, in waiting rooms and other medical contexts. We also asked questions about communication between patients and providers. Finally, we did a qualitative analysis on free-text responses about sensory environments for both groups, and about communication for the autistic group.
UNASSIGNED: Ninety-eight people (62 autistic) participated. Most of the cohort was female or gender-diverse, middle-age, and well educated. Autistic participants identified auditory inputs as one of the greatest stressors in medical settings. They discussed the impact of light levels and other people\'s presence on their energy levels and ability to communicate. Health care providers often misunderstood their autistic patients, leading to a failure in transferring medical information. Participants described how providers underestimated their needs, even when they were aware of the autism diagnosis. Participants wanted to get information delivered at a slower pace and with a greater amount of detail, to be better able to process medical or procedural information.
UNASSIGNED: The study contributes with information on specific sensory challenges and suggests that auditory noise is particularly problematic for autistic people. On the topic of communication, the findings point to a “double empathy” problem, whereby the provider\'s own limitations contribute significantly to communication barriers. This was apparent in accounts of nonverbal communication, where the provider\'s expectations of neurotypical body language caused misunderstandings that were difficult to overcome.
UNASSIGNED: The sample was small and comprised an ethnically narrow demographic group. Thus, the results are not generalizable to other autistic populations, such as minimally verbal adults. We also did not measure health status beyond diagnosed conditions.
UNASSIGNED: The consequences of sensory and communicative barriers may go entirely unnoticed when autistic differences are not visible. Unsuccessful interactions with the health care system may have enormous effects on the health and quality of life of autistic people. Therefore, educators and providers may use the insightful information provided by autistic participants in this study to inform decisions on staff training or design of sensory environments.