众所周知,人类的收获强烈影响许多鹿物种的个体在家中范围内的栖息地选择;但是,关于收获对粗尺度栖息地选择的影响知之甚少(即,空间分布)。我们研究了梅花鹿Cervusnippon的夏季空间分布与人类收获和其他因素的关系,比如人类住宅,牧草丰富,覆盖,使用富士山的颗粒组计数,日本中部,在2018年。在研究区,全年在中等海拔地区进行收割,但不得在难以进入或禁止收割的高海拔或低海拔地区。鹿的空间分布明显偏向非采伐区,远离居民区,暗示他们通过建立恐惧的景观来避免风险更大的空间。采伐地区优质粮食资源(落叶阔叶树和花盆)比非采伐地区更为丰富,表明鹿的觅食压力减少了它们。然而,收获区和非收获区的纤维矮竹丰度没有差异,鹿的空间分布明显偏向于矮竹丰度较高的地区,这表明矮竹是优质食品供应有限的非收获地区的替代食品资源。我们的结果表明,人类的采伐压力和住所将鹿的空间分布从山地森林转移到亚高山/高山地区,由于严重的觅食压力,这可能会增加对脆弱生态系统的损害。
It has been known that
harvesting by humans strongly influences individual within-home range habitat selection of many deer species; however, little is known about the effect of
harvesting on coarse-scale habitat selection (i.e., spatial distribution). We examined the summer spatial distribution of sika deer Cervus nippon in relation to human
harvesting and other factors, such as human residences, forage abundance, and cover, using pellet group counts at Mount Fuji, central Japan, in 2018. In the study area, harvesting is conducted at medium elevation areas throughout the year, but not at high or low elevation areas where access is difficult or
harvesting is prohibited. Spatial distribution of deer was significantly biased to non-harvesting areas and far from residential areas, suggesting that they avoid riskier spaces by establishing a landscape of fear. High-quality food resources (deciduous broad-leaved trees and forbs) were more abundant in harvesting areas than in non-
harvesting areas, suggesting that foraging pressure by deer reduce them. However, there were no differences in abundances of more fibrous dwarf bamboo between harvesting and non-harvesting areas, and spatial distribution of deer was significantly biased to higher dwarf bamboo abundance areas, suggesting that the dwarf bamboo is an alternative food resource in non-harvesting areas where supplies of high-quality food were limited. Our results suggest that human harvesting pressure and residences shifted the spatial distribution of deer from the montane forests to subalpine/alpine zones, which may increase damage to vulnerable ecosystems due to severe foraging pressure.