■伊利湖正在遭受有害的蓝藻水华,主要有毒的微囊藻。,影响生态系统,水安全,和区域经济。持续的开花事件引起了人们对公共卫生影响的担忧。然而,没有关于源水中军团菌和抗生素抗性基因的潜在增加的调查,以及由这些水华事件引起的市政处理饮用水中的消毒副产物。
■超过2年,水源水(总计n=118)和成品水(总计n=118)样品是从位于伊利湖西部(开花地点)和伊利湖中部(控制地点)的饮用水厂收集的。确定了布卢姆相关参数,如微囊藻毒素(MC),有毒微囊藻,总有机碳,N,和P.在成品水中评估消毒副产物(DBP)[总三卤代甲烷(THM)和卤代乙酸(HAAs)]。军团菌的遗传标记,抗生素抗性基因,并对源水和成品水中的移动遗传元素进行了定量。
■与对照地点相比,在伊利湖西部地点观察到产生MC的微囊藻的水平明显更高。对DBPs的分析显示,开花部位的THMs浓度显着升高,而HAAs浓度在两个位点之间保持相似。军团菌属。开花地点的水平明显更高,显示与总蓝藻的显着关系。在开花部位,ARG(tetQ和sul1)和可移动遗传元件(MGE)的丰度也显着较高。
■尽管成品水中的总体丰度下降,处理后总细菌中ARGs和MGE的相对丰度增加,特别是在盛开的地方。研究结果强调,需要不断努力减轻湖泊的开花频率和强度。此外,在开花期间优化水处理工艺对于保持水质至关重要。观察到的开花条件之间的关联,ARGs,和军团菌,有必要对抗生素抗性细菌和军团菌的潜在增强进行进一步研究。由于开花,无论是在湖泊环境和饮用水分配系统。
UNASSIGNED: Western Lake Erie is suffering from harmful cyanobacterial blooms, primarily toxic Microcystis spp., affecting the ecosystem, water safety, and the regional economy. Continued bloom occurrence has raised concerns about public health implications. However, there has been no investigation regarding the potential increase of Legionella and antibiotic resistance genes in source water, and disinfection byproducts in municipal treated drinking water caused by these bloom events.
UNASSIGNED: Over 2 years, source water (total n = 118) and finished water (total n = 118) samples were collected from drinking water plants situated in western Lake Erie (bloom site) and central Lake Erie (control site). Bloom-related parameters were determined, such as microcystin (MC), toxic Microcystis, total organic carbon, N, and P. Disinfection byproducts (DBPs) [total trihalomethanes (THMs) and haloacetic acids (HAAs)] were assessed in finished water. Genetic markers for Legionella, antibiotic resistance genes, and mobile genetic elements were quantified in source and finished waters.
UNASSIGNED: Significantly higher levels of MC-producing Microcystis were observed in the western Lake Erie site compared to the control site. Analysis of DBPs revealed significantly elevated THMs concentrations at the bloom site, while HAAs concentrations remained similar between the two sites. Legionella spp. levels were significantly higher in the bloom site, showing a significant relationship with total cyanobacteria. Abundance of ARGs (tetQ and sul1) and mobile genetic elements (MGEs) were also significantly higher at the bloom site.
UNASSIGNED: Although overall abundance decreased in finished water, relative abundance of ARGs and MGE among total bacteria increased after treatment, particularly at the bloom site. The findings underscore the need for ongoing efforts to mitigate bloom frequency and intensity in the lake. Moreover, optimizing water treatment processes during bloom episodes is crucial to maintain water quality. The associations observed between bloom conditions, ARGs, and Legionella, necessitate future investigations into the potential enhancement of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and Legionella spp. due to blooms, both in lake environments and drinking water distribution systems.