药物之间结合血浆蛋白的竞争被认为是药代动力学药物相互作用。抗肿瘤药物和其他药物之间的血浆蛋白结合的竞争可以改变药物的游离浓度,可能影响其疗效并增加毒副作用的风险。通过一系列的光谱技术,这项研究在生理条件下,在小檗碱(Ber)和姜黄素(Cur)的背景下,研究了柠檬苦素与人血清白蛋白(HSA)之间的相互作用,以阐明二元和三元系统在分子水平上的结合机制。正如荧光猝灭实验所证明的那样,静态猝灭被确定为HSA和柠檬苦素之间相互作用的机制。位点竞争实验结果表明,柠檬苦素与HSA的结合位点为位点I,这一结果进一步得到了分子对接模拟的支持。通过使用热力学数据计算,确定柠檬苦素通过建立氢键和范德华力与HSA形成稳定的复合物。圆二色性(CD)光谱,三维(3D)荧光光谱,和同步荧光光谱法(SFS)用于验证柠檬苦素干扰氨基酸微环境并诱导HSA构象变化的观点。更重要的是,发现Ber或Cur的存在进一步改变了原始HSA-柠檬苦素二元系统之间相互作用中观察到的变化。体外细胞实验表明,与HSA的相互作用降低了柠檬苦素的抗肿瘤活性。相比之下,添加Ber或Cur可提高肿瘤细胞的抑制率。Ber和Cur的共存显着降低了柠檬素对HSA的结合亲和力。当前的调查增强了对涉及柠檬苦素的结合特征和相互作用机制的理解,Ber,Cur,和HSA。它探讨了HSA作为多功能药物载体的潜力,并为共同管理战略提供了理论基础。
The competition among drugs for binding to plasma proteins is regarded as a pharmacokinetic drug interaction. Competition between antitumor agents and other drugs for plasma protein binding can alter the free concentration of the drug, potentially impacting its efficacy and increasing the risk of toxic side effects. Through a range of spectroscopic techniques, this study examined the interaction between limonin and human serum albumin (
HSA) in the context of berberine (Ber) and curcumin (Cur) under physiological conditions to clarify the binding mechanisms of binary and ternary systems at the molecular level. As demonstrated by fluorescence quenching experiments, Static quenching was identified as the mechanism of interaction between HSA and limonin. The results of site competition experiments indicated that the binding site between limonin and
HSA was site I, a result further supported by molecular docking simulations. Through the use of thermodynamic data calculations, it was determined that limonin forms a stable complex with
HSA by establishing hydrogen bonds and van der Waals forces. Circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy, three-dimensional (3D) fluorescence spectroscopy, and synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy (SFS) employed to validate the notion that limonin perturbed the microenvironment of amino acids and induced conformational changes in HSA. What\'s more, the presence of Ber or Cur was found to have further modified the alterations observed in the interaction between the original HSA-limonin binary system. In vitro cellular experiments showed that interaction with HSA reduced the antitumor activity of limonin. In contrast, adding Ber or Cur increased the inhibition rate of tumor cells. The coexistence of both Ber and Cur significantly diminished limonin\'s binding affinity to
HSA. The current investigation enhances comprehension regarding the binding characteristics and interaction mechanisms involving limonin, Ber, Cur, and HSA. It explores the potential of
HSA as a versatile drug carrier and furnishes theoretical underpinnings for co-administrative strategies.