背景:健康素养是一个多维概念,被认为是主要的公共卫生问题。这个概念在研究中经常被忽视,关于大学生健康素养的证据有限。这项研究的目的是双重的:确定大学生健康素养的需求和局限性,并探讨健康素养的九个维度与社会人口学因素之间的关系,包括年龄,性别,国籍,一年的学习,研究领域,吸烟状况,慢性病史,使用校内健身房,以及在校园锻炼的意图。
方法:本研究采用横断面方法进行。共有520名大学生参加了这项研究。平均年龄21.03岁(SD=2.29),男性占47.5%,女性占52.5%。使用人口统计问卷和健康素养问卷(HLQ)收集数据。除了描述性统计,进行了多变量方差分析(MANOVA)和随访分析,以探索健康素养水平和社会人口统计学因素之间任何统计学上显著的平均差异。
结果:九种HLQ量表的健康素养水平低于文献报道的水平。多变量分析显示年龄的显著影响,性别,吸烟状况,一年的学习,以及健康素养水平的研究领域。后续分析显示,女学生,来自健康相关院系的学生,与不吸烟的人相比,那些不吸烟的人的健康素养水平更高。根据学生的人口统计学特征,对HLQ量表的水平进行了详细比较。研究领域对大学生健康素养水平的影响最为显著;平均差异有统计学意义(p<.001)。并且效应大小很大(HLQ的9个量表的范围为.66至1.35)。
结论:大学生健康素养受人口学特征的影响。这种变化可能会扩大一些现有的健康差距。这些发现对健康的影响,健康促进,和跨专业教育进行了讨论。
BACKGROUND: Health literacy is a multidimensional concept that is considered a primary public health concern. This concept is often neglected in research, and the evidence regarding health literacy in college students is limited. The aim of this study was two-fold: to determine the needs and limitations of health literacy among college students and to explore the relationships among the nine dimensions of health literacy and sociodemographic factors, including age, gender, nationality, year of study, field of study, smoking status, history of chronic diseases, use of on-campus gym, and the intention to exercise on-campus.
METHODS: This study was conducted using a cross-sectional approach. A total of 520 college students participated in this study. The average age was 21.03 years (SD = 2.29), with 47.5% males and 52.5% females. Data were collected using a demographics questionnaire and the Health Literacy Questionnaire (
HLQ). In addition to descriptive statistics, multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) and follow-up analyses were performed to explore any statistically significant mean differences among levels of health literacy and sociodemographic factors.
RESULTS: The levels of health literacy on the nine
HLQ scales were lower than the levels reported in the literature. Multivariate analysis showed a significant effect of age, gender, smoking status, year of study, and field of study on the level of health literacy. Follow-up analyses revealed that female students, students from the health-related faculties, and those who do not smoke have higher levels of health literacy compared to their counterparts. A detailed comparison between the levels of the
HLQ scales was made based on students\' demographic characteristics. The field of study had the most prominent effect on the level of college students\' health literacy; mean differences were statistically significant (p < .001), and effect sizes were large (ranging from .66 to 1.35 for the nine scales of the
HLQ).
CONCLUSIONS: College students\' health literacy is influenced by demographic characteristics. Such variations could amplify some of the existing health disparities. The implications of the findings on health, health promotion, and interprofessional education are discussed.