在它被引入人类三年后,严重急性呼吸道综合征冠状病毒2(SARS-CoV-2)已被宣布为地方性流行。对未来感染可能导致的疾病表现的严重程度知之甚少,特别是在先前感染或疫苗接种的体液免疫减弱后发生再感染时。这些知识可以使决策者了解疫苗接种的频率。地方性人冠状病毒(HCoV)的再感染可以作为SARS-CoV-2地方性流行的模型系统。我们每6个月(持续17年)对44名具有免疫能力的男性成年人进行血液采样,对于HCoV(再)感染的频率,使用HCoV-NL63,HCoV-29E,HCoV-OC43和HCoV-HKU1作为感染标志物。通过比较流感样疾病(ILI)症状的自我报告记录来检查(再)感染期间的疾病关联。每6个月,所有参与者。在8,549个月的随访中,我们发现任何HCoV感染364例,平均每人感染8例.在HCoV感染期间更常见的症状是咳嗽,喉咙痛,和肌痛。364例感染中的二百五十例是物种特异性HCoV再感染,中位间隔为3.58年(四分位距1.92-5.67年)。再感染之间的间隔长度-无论是短还是长-对报告ILI症状的频率没有影响。所有HCoV-NL63,HCoV-229E,HCoV-OC43和HCoV-HKU1(再)感染与ILI的报告相关。重要的是,在有免疫能力的男性中,这些症状不受再感染间隔时间的影响.IMPORTANCELittle对人类冠状病毒(HCoV)再感染后发生的疾病已知,一旦体液免疫力下降。我们监测了免疫功能正常的男性成年人的地方性HCoV再感染长达17年。我们发现再感染间隔长度对疾病表现没有影响,这表明免疫功能正常的男性成年人在未来的HCoV感染中得到了足够的保护。
After 3 years of its introduction to humans, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been declared as endemic. Little is known about the severity of the disease manifestation that future infections may cause, especially when reinfections occur after humoral immunity from a previous infection or vaccination has waned. Such knowledge could inform policymakers regarding the frequency of vaccination. Reinfections by endemic human coronaviruses (HCoVs) can serve as a model system for SARS-CoV-2 endemicity. We monitored 44 immunocompetent male adults with blood sampling every 6 months (for 17 years), for the frequency of HCoV (re-)infections, using rises in N-antibodies of HCoV-NL63, HCoV-29E, HCoV-OC43, and HCoV-HKU1 as markers of infection. Disease associations during (re-)infections were examined by comparison of self-reporting records of influenza-like illness (ILI) symptoms, every 6 months, by all participants. During 8,549 follow-up months, we found 364 infections by any HCoV with a median of eight infections per person. Symptoms more frequently reported during HCoV infection were cough, sore throat, and myalgia. Two hundred fifty-one of the 364 infections were species-specific HCoV-reinfections, with a median interval of 3.58 (interquartile range 1.92-5.67) years. The length of the interval between reinfections-being either short or long-had no influence on the frequency of reporting ILI symptoms. All HCoV-NL63, HCoV-229E, HCoV-OC43, and HCoV-HKU1 (re-)infections are associated with the reporting of ILIs. Importantly, in immunocompetent males, these symptoms are not influenced by the length of the interval between reinfections.
OBJECTIVE: Little is known about the disease following human coronavirus (HCoV) reinfection occurring years after the previous infection, once humoral immunity has waned. We monitored endemic HCoV reinfection in immunocompetent male adults for up to 17 years. We found no influence of reinfection interval length in the disease manifestation, suggesting that immunocompetent male adults are adequately protected against future HCoV infections.