禽流感病毒(AIV)的爆发最近引起了公众的关注。机载AIV已在活禽市场和案例农场进行了评估;但是,没有研究讨论候鸟冬季栖息地环境空气中空气传播的AIV。因此,这项研究旨在评估机载AIV,特别是在候鸟的关键冬季栖息地中的H5,H7和H9,并评估影响空气中AIV传播的因素,以提供对禽流感流行病学的新见解。奥古湿地共收集了357份环境空气样本,台湾,中华民国,2017年10月至2019年12月,并使用定量实时聚合酶链反应进行分析。包括空气污染物在内的环境因素的影响,气象因素,并对观测到的候鸟种类对空气中AIV的浓度进行了分析。据我们所知,这是第一个调查环境空气中空气AIV与候鸟冬季栖息地影响因素之间关系的研究,证明环境采样对传染病流行病学的好处。空气中H7的阳性率(12%)高于H5(8%)和H9(10%)。日平均气温和日最高气温与甲型流感呈显著负相关,H7和H9冷空气团和鸟类迁徙分别与空气中的H9和H7显着相关。此外,我们观察到AIV与pintail的数量之间存在显着相关性,常见的蓝绿色,印度斑嘴鸭,北方的铲子,欧亚守护者,簇绒鸭,斑马,黑脸琵琶,和伟大的cor。总之,我们证明了替代监测方法(监测鸟类)作为流感相关风险指标的潜力,并确定了冷空气团和特定鸟类的存在是AIV存在和/或空气传播浓度的潜在驱动因素.
Outbreaks of avian influenza virus (AIV) have raised public concerns recently. Airborne AIV has been evaluated in live poultry markets and case farms; however, no study has discussed airborne AIV in ambient air in the winter habitats of migratory birds. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate airborne AIV, specifically H5,
H7, and H9, in a critical winter habitat of migratory birds and assess the factors influencing airborne AIV transmission in ambient air to provide novel insights into the epidemiology of avian influenza. A total of 357 ambient air samples were collected in the Aogu Wetland, Taiwan, Republic of China, between October 2017 and December 2019 and analyzed using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. The effects of environmental factors including air pollutants, meteorological factors, and the species of the observed migratory birds on the concentration of airborne AIV were also analyzed. To our knowledge, this is the first study to investigate the relationship between airborne AIV in ambient air and the influence factors in the winter habitats of migratory birds, demonstrating the benefits of environmental sampling for infectious disease epidemiology. The positive rate of airborne
H7 (12%) was higher than that of H5 (8%) and H9 (10%). The daily mean temperature and daily maximum temperature had a significant negative correlation with influenza A,
H7, and H9. Cold air masses and bird migration were significantly associated with airborne H9 and
H7, respectively. In addition, we observed a significant correlation between AIV and the number of pintails, common teals, Indian spot-billed ducks, northern shovelers, Eurasian wigeons, tufted ducks, pied avocets, black-faced spoonbills, and great cormorants. In conclusion, we demonstrated the potential for alternative surveillance approaches (monitoring bird species) as an indicator for influenza-related risks and identified cold air masses and the presence of specific bird species as potential drivers of the presence and/or the airborne concentration of AIV.