2019年5月,气候变化委员会(CCC)建议英国采用净零目标。目标是到2050年将其温室气体排放量(GHG)从1990年代的基线减少100%。政府接受了建议,英国成为第一个建立净零排放法的主要经济体。为了实现其气候目标,政府采取了几项举措,例如增加对可再生能源的依赖和对气候缓解技术的投资,这通常被称为过程生态创新。本研究考察了生态创新的影响,过程生态创新,可再生能源消费,使用1988年至2020年的数据,以及英国二氧化碳排放的经济增长。我们使用带有误差修正模型(ECM)的ARDL约束检验来检验关注变量之间的长期和短期协整。我们发现生态创新,过程生态创新,可再生能源消费在减少二氧化碳排放方面发挥着重要作用,而经济增长导致了英国的环境退化。我们还发现,从短期和长期来看,生态创新对CO2减排的影响要强于过程生态创新。我们的稳健性测试证实了这些发现的准确性。此外,Toda-Yamamoto因果关系的结果揭示了从过程生态创新到CO2,可再生能源到CO2以及生态创新到CO2排放的单向因果关系。Further,GDP和二氧化碳排放之间存在双向因果关系。本文提供的证据为制定英国的能源政策和制定符合该国净零目标的气候预算提供了深刻的见解。
In May 2019, the Climate Change Committee (CCC) recommended that the UK adopt a net-zero target, aiming to reduce its greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) by 100% from the 1990s baseline by 2050. The government accepted the recommendation, and the UK became the first major economy to establish a net-zero emissions law. To progress towards its climate objectives, the government took several initiatives, such as increasing its reliance on renewable energy sources and investing in climate mitigation technologies, which are commonly referred to as process eco-innovation. This study examines the impact of eco-innovation, process eco-innovation, renewable energy consumption, and economic growth on CO2 emissions in the UK using data from 1988 to 2020. We used the ARDL bound test with an error correction model (ECM) to examine the long-run and short-run cointegration between the variables of concern. We found that eco-innovation, process eco-innovation, and renewable energy consumption have significant roles in mitigating CO2 emissions, while economic growth contributes to environmental degradation in the UK. We also found that the effect of eco-innovation on CO2 emissions abatement is stronger than that of process eco-innovation in the short and long-run. Our robustness tests have confirmed the accuracy of those findings. In addition, the results from the Toda-Yamamoto causality revealed a one-way causality from process eco-innovation to CO2, renewable energy to CO2, and eco-innovation to CO2 emissions. Further, a bidirectional causality was found between GDP and CO2 emissions. The evidence presented in this paper provides great insight for shaping the energy policy in the UK and for establishing the climate budget in line with the country\'s net-zero target.