背景:野生动物贸易是干预预防新出现的人畜共患病的重要舞台,领先的组织提倡更多的协作,这一领域的多部门治理方法。这项研究的目的是描述跨国组织网络的结构和功能,这些组织围绕野生动植物贸易的治理进行互动,以预防新兴的人畜共患疾病,并评估这些网络特征,以了解它们如何支持或破坏这些问题的进展。
方法:本研究采用混合方法对跨国组织进行社会网络分析。数据收集时间为2021年5月至2022年9月。与会者是参与野生动植物贸易治理和预防新兴人畜共患病的跨国组织的代表。参与者的初始种子样本是有目的地通过专业网络招募的,滚雪球抽样用于识别其他参与者.定量数据是通过在线网络调查收集的。中心性度量(程度,亲密关系,和介数)进行计算,并确定和表征网络的最大集团。要了解组织在多大程度上跨部门联系,使用指数随机图建模评估了各部门的同质性。定性数据是通过半结构化访谈收集的。定量分析的结果为定性分析的重点提供了依据。使用主题分析探索定性数据。
结果:37名参与者完成了网络调查,17名关键线人参加了半结构化访谈。共有69个组织被确定属于该网络。组织跨越了动物,人类,和环境卫生部门,其中包括贸易,粮食和农业,和犯罪。组织类型包括政府间组织,非政府组织,条约秘书处,研究机构,和网络组织。与会者强调了这一专题的部门间性质和部门间工作的重要性,现有部门之间存在联系。然而,有效互动有许多障碍,特别是相互冲突的目标和议程。权力动态也塑造了参与者之间的关系,随着人类卫生部门资源更丰富,影响力更大,尽管历史上在野生动物贸易及其在新兴人畜共患病中的作用方面的参与度低于环境和动物卫生部门。
结论:专注于野生动植物贸易治理和预防新兴人畜共患病的跨国组织网络是高度多部门的,但是尽管在COVID-19大流行的催化下取得了进展,部门间的互动和协调仍然存在障碍。一个健康的方法在这一级治理,在整个COVID-19大流行期间,作为一种有希望的机制被分享,以支持这一领域的角色和议程的平衡。然而,这必须涉及围绕股权的协议,优先事项,和明确的目标设定,以支持有效的行动。
BACKGROUND: The wildlife trade is an important arena for intervention in the prevention of emerging zoonoses, and leading organisations have advocated for more collaborative, multi-sectoral approaches to governance in this area. The aim of this study is to characterise the structure and function of the network of transnational organisations that interact around the governance of wildlife trade for the prevention of emerging zoonoses, and to assess these network characteristics in terms of how they might support or undermine progress on these issues.
METHODS: This study used a mixed methods social network analysis of transnational organisations. Data were collected between May 2021 and September 2022. Participants were representatives of transnational organisations involved in the governance of wildlife trade and the prevention of emerging zoonoses. An initial seed sample of participants was purposively recruited through professional networks, and snowball sampling was used to identify additional participants. Quantitative data were collected through an online network survey. Measures of centrality (degree, closeness, and betweenness) were calculated and the network\'s largest clique was identified and characterised. To understand the extent to which organisations were connected across sectors, homophily by sector was assessed using exponential random graph modelling. Qualitative data were collected through semi-structured interviews. The findings from the quantitative analysis informed the focus of the qualitative analysis. Qualitative data were explored using thematic analysis.
RESULTS: Thirty-seven participants completed the network survey and 17 key informants participated in semi-structured interviews. A total of 69 organisations were identified as belonging to this network. Organisations spanned the animal, human, and environmental health sectors, among others including trade, food and agriculture, and crime. Organisation types included inter-governmental organisations, non-governmental organisations, treaty secretariats, research institutions, and network organisations. Participants emphasised the highly inter-sectoral nature of this topic and the importance of inter-sectoral work, and connections were present across existing sectors. However, there were many barriers to effective interaction, particularly conflicting goals and agendas. Power dynamics also shaped relationships between actors, with the human health sector seen as better resourced and more influential, despite having historically lower engagement than the environmental and animal health sectors around the wildlife trade and its role in emerging zoonoses.
CONCLUSIONS: The network of transnational organisations focused on the governance of wildlife trade and the prevention of emerging zoonoses is highly multi-sectoral, but despite progress catalysed by the COVID-19 pandemic, barriers still exist for inter-sectoral interaction and coordination. A One Health approach to governance at this level, which has gained traction throughout the COVID-19 pandemic, was shared as a promising mechanism to support a balancing of roles and agendas in this space. However, this must involve agreement around equity, priorities, and clear goal setting to support effective action.