群体间的遗传分化是由各种因素决定的,包括基因流,选择,突变,和遗传漂移。其中,众所周知,基因流可以对抗遗传分化。Eranthis属,一种开花早的多年生草本植物,由于其易于检测的种群特征和已知的生殖策略,可以作为研究遗传分化和基因流的良好模型,这可能与基因流动模式有关。Eranthis种群通常很小,并且在地理上与其他种群分开。此外,以前的研究和我们自己的观察表明,种子和花粉在Eranthis种群之间传播的可能性很小,因此,目前,在该属中可能不可能有基因流。基于这些前提,我们假设Eranthis种群之间的遗传分化是显著的,并且在没有基因流的情况下,遗传分化不会敏感地反映地理距离。为了测试这些假设,遗传分化,遗传距离,按距离隔离,历史基因流,并分析了该属的四个物种的瓶颈。遗传分化显著,在很多情况下,极高。此外,在大多数情况下,遗传分化和地理距离呈正相关。我们为这些观察提供了可能的解释。首先,我们建议我们研究中使用的标记类型的组合(叶绿体微卫星),遗传漂移,并且可能选择可能导致本文观察到的极高遗传分化。此外,我们提供了遗传距离通过历史基因流反映地理距离的可能性,或者在没有历史基因流动的情况下适应。然而,我们的解释可以通过更多的观察和各种群体遗传分析得到更严格的检验和进一步的完善.特别是,我们建议在未来的研究中应包括Eranthis属的其他可访问种群,以更好地表征该属的有趣种群动态。
Genetic differentiation between populations is determined by various factors, including gene flow, selection, mutation, and genetic drift. Among these, gene flow is known to counter genetic differentiation. The genus Eranthis, an early flowering perennial herb, can serve as a good model to study genetic differentiation and gene flow due to its easily detectable population characteristics and known reproductive strategies, which can be associated with gene flow patterns. Eranthis populations are typically small and geographically separated from the others. Moreover, previous studies and our own observations suggest that seed and pollen dispersal between Eranthis populations is highly unlikely and therefore, currently, gene flow may not be probable in this genus. Based on these premises, we hypothesized that the genetic differentiation between the Eranthis populations would be significant, and that the genetic differentiation would not sensitively reflect geographic distance in the absence of gene flow. To test these hypotheses, genetic differentiation, genetic distance, isolation by distance, historical gene flow, and bottlenecks were analyzed in four species of this genus. Genetic differentiation was significantly high, and in many cases, extremely high. Moreover, genetic differentiation and geographic distance were positively correlated in most cases. We provide possible explanations for these observations. First, we suggest that the combination of the marker type used in our study (chloroplast microsatellites), genetic drift, and possibly selection might have resulted in the extremely high genetic differentiation observed herein. Additionally, we provide the possibility that genetic distance reflects geographic distance through historical gene flow, or adaptation in the absence of historical gene flow. Nevertheless, our explanations can be more rigorously examined and further refined through additional observations and various population genetic analyses. In particular, we suggest that other accessible populations of the genus Eranthis should be included in future studies to better characterize the intriguing population dynamics of this genus.