Oceanotogateriensis物种的细菌属于岩石科,是革兰氏阴性杆菌,中度嗜热,包括在硫代硫酸盐还原细菌中,能够显著加速金属结构的腐蚀。然而,没有对基因组进行深入研究,到目前为止,已经进行了抗生素抗性和移动元素的研究。在这项工作中,隔离,进行了多抗性O.teriensisUFV_LIMV02菌株的表型和基因型表征,来自里约热内卢(巴西)的海上石油开采平台的水样。我们确定该分离株的基因组大小为2812778bp,GC含量为26%,组织成34个重叠群。使用子系统技术进行快速注释的基因组注释揭示了与抗生素和重金属抗性相关的基因的存在。通过使用圆盘扩散技术评估分离株的抗菌耐药性,抗生素的耐药性得到了验证,β-内酰胺,氟喹诺酮类药物,氨基糖苷类,磺胺类药物,lincosamides和利福霉素,共14种抗生素。寻找基因组岛屿,针对噬菌体感染的prophages和防御系统揭示了其基因组中存在五个基因组岛,含有与重金属和抗生素抗性相关的基因,其中大多数是外排泵和几种转座酶。在它的基因组中没有发现预言;然而,检测到9种不同的噬菌体感染防御系统。在分析成簇的规则间隔短回文重复(CRISPR)系统时,四个CRISPR阵列,分为I-B型和III-B型,有272个垫片,可以为菌株提供对不同移动遗传元件和噬菌体感染的免疫力。本研究发现,分离株UFV_LIVM02是一种环境细菌,对不同种类的抗生素有抗药性,并且预测的基因组岛编码的蛋白质可能与对抗生素和重金属的更大抗性的发展有关。他们提供的证据表明,在海上石油勘探残留物中发现的环境细菌可能会对抗生素抗性基因的传播构成风险。需要对石油废物中存在的微生物群落进行更全面的研究,以评估水平基因转移的风险。
Bacteria of the species Oceanotoga teriensis belong to the family Petrotogaceae, are Gram-negative bacilli, are moderately thermophilic and are included in the group of thiosulfate-reducing bacteria, being capable of significantly accelerating corrosion in metallic structures. However, no in-depth study on the genome, antibiotic resistance and mobile elements has been carried out so far. In this work, the isolation, phenotypic and genotypic characterization of the multi-resistant O. teriensis UFV_LIMV02 strain was carried out, from water samples from an offshore oil extraction platform in Rio de Janeiro (Brazil). We determined that the isolate has a genome of 2 812 778 bp in size, with 26 % GC content, organized into 34 contigs. Genomic annotation using Rapid Annotation using Subsystem Technology revealed the presence of genes related to resistance to antibiotics and heavy metals. By evaluating the antimicrobial resistance of the isolate using the disc diffusion technique, resistance was verified for the classes of antibiotics, beta-lactams, fluoroquinolones, aminoglycosides, sulfonamides, lincosamides and rifamycins, a total of 14 antibiotics. The search for genomic islands, prophages and defence systems against phage infection revealed the presence of five genomic islands in its genome, containing genes related to resistance to heavy metals and antibiotics, most of which are efflux pumps and several transposases. No prophage was found in its genome; however, nine different defence systems against phage infection were detected. When analysing the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR) systems, four CRISPR arrays, classified as types I-B and III-B, with 272 spacers, can provide the strain with immunity to different mobile genetic elements and bacteriophage infection. The results found in this study show that the isolate UFV_LIVM02 is an environmental bacterium, resistant to different classes of antibiotics, and that the proteins encoded by the predicted genomic islands may be associated with the development of greater resistance to antibiotics and heavy metals. They provide evidence that environmental bacteria found in offshore oil exploration residues may pose a risk for the spread of antibiotic resistance genes. More comprehensive studies on the microbial community present in oil waste are needed to assess the risks of horizontal gene transfer.