花椒是一种用途广泛的经济树种,用于其香料,调味料,油,药用,和工业原料应用,它在中国有悠久的栽培和驯化历史。这导致了许多品种的发展。然而,混合品种和名称混乱的现象极大地阻碍了花椒资源的有效利用和产业发展。因此,对花椒进行遗传多样性研究和品种鉴定至关重要。本研究利用简单序列重复(SSR)和引物间结合位点(iPBS)分子标记,分析了80个花椒品种的遗传性状,导致DNA指纹的产生。这项研究鉴定了206和127个等位基因,具有32个SSR标记和10个iPBS标记,分别,每个标记平均产生6.4和12.7个等位基因(Na)。SSR和iPBS标记的平均多态性信息含量(PIC)分别为0.710和0.281。80个花椒品种的遗传相似系数范围为0.0947~0.9868和0.2206~1.0000,平均值分别为0.3864和0.5215,表明大量的遗传多样性。聚类分析,由主坐标分析(PCoA)证实,将这些种质分为三个主要组。三种花椒(Z。bungeanum,Z.Armatum,使用SSR标记的Z.pieritum)种群的平均遗传分化系数(Fst)为0.335,基因流(Nm)为0.629,表明种群之间存在明显的遗传差异。分子方差分析(AMOVA)表明65%的遗传变异发生在个体内,而35%发生在人群中。基于贝叶斯模型的群体遗传结构分析将所有材料分为两组。32个SSR标记的PI和PIsibs组合值分别为4.265×10-27和1.282×10-11,显示强大的指纹识别能力。利用8对SSR引物建立了80个品种的DNA指纹图谱,每个人都分配了一个唯一的数字代码。总之,虽然这两个标记在评估花椒物种的遗传多样性和亲缘关系方面都是有效的,与iPBS标记相比,SSR标记显示出优越的多态性和品种区分性。这些发现为花椒物种的保护和可持续利用提供了科学依据。
Zanthoxylum is a versatile economic tree species utilized for its spice, seasoning, oil, medicinal, and industrial raw material applications, and it has a lengthy history of cultivation and domestication in China. This has led to the development of numerous cultivars. However, the phenomenon of mixed cultivars and confusing names has significantly obstructed the effective utilization of Zanthoxylum resources and industrial development. Consequently, conducting genetic diversity studies and cultivar identification on Zanthoxylum are crucial. This research analyzed the genetic traits of 80 Zanthoxylum cultivars using simple sequence repeat (SSR) and inter-Primer Binding Site (iPBS) molecular markers, leading to the creation of a DNA fingerprint. This study identified 206 and 127 alleles with 32 SSR markers and 10 iPBS markers, respectively, yielding an average of 6.4 and 12.7 alleles (Na) per marker. The average polymorphism information content (PIC) for the SSR and iPBS markers was 0.710 and 0.281, respectively. The genetic similarity coefficients for the 80 Zanthoxylum accessions ranged from 0.0947 to 0.9868 and from 0.2206 to 1.0000, with mean values of 0.3864 and 0.5215, respectively, indicating substantial genetic diversity. Cluster analysis, corroborated by principal coordinate analysis (PCoA), categorized these accessions into three primary groups. Analysis of the genetic differentiation among the three Zanthoxylum (Z. bungeanum, Z. armatum, and Z. piperitum) populations using SSR markers revealed a mean genetic differentiation coefficient (Fst) of 0.335 and a gene flow (Nm) of 0.629, suggesting significant genetic divergence among the populations. Molecular variance analysis (AMOVA) indicated that 65% of the genetic variation occurred within individuals, while 35% occurred among populations. Bayesian model-based analysis of population genetic structure divided all materials into two groups. The combined PI and PIsibs value of the 32 SSR markers were 4.265 × 10- 27 and 1.282 × 10- 11, respectively, showing strong fingerprinting power. DNA fingerprints of the 80 cultivars were established using eight pairs of SSR primers, each assigned a unique numerical code. In summary, while both markers were effective at assessing the genetic diversity and relationships of Zanthoxylum species, SSR markers demonstrated superior polymorphism and cultivar discrimination compared to iPBS markers. These findings offer a scientific foundation for the conservation and sustainable use of Zanthoxylum species.