肠球菌是新兴的医院病原体。它们的广泛分布导致它们成为食物污染物。此外,肠球菌可以定殖各种生态位,并通过受污染的动物和食物扩散到食物链中,因为它们对不利的环境具有显着的耐受性。由于它们可能传播给人类,鱼类中的抗微生物肠球菌是一个世界性的健康问题。本研究表征了AMR,ARGs,VAGs,明胶酶活性,肠球菌属的生物膜形成。从鱼和海鲜中回收,并评估潜在的相关性。54肠球菌属。从165个样品中分离出菌株(32.73%)(75个尼罗罗非鱼,30雷神,和60只虾),包括30个粪肠球菌(55.6%)和24个屎肠球菌(44.4%),总计32.73%(54/165),肠球菌属的最大患病率。在尼罗罗非鱼中观察到(34/54;63%),其次是虾(14/54;25.9%)和雷神(6/54;11.1%)。在尼罗罗非鱼中观察到粪肠球菌的最大患病率(22/30;73.3%),其次是虾(8/30;26.7%),差异显著。在尼罗罗非鱼中观察到屎肠球菌的患病率(12/24;50%),其次是虾(6/24,25%)。屎肠球菌仅分离自弓形虫(6/24,25%)。分离株对四环素(90.7%)和红霉素(88.9%)均表现出高耐药性,其次是庆大霉素(77.8%),环丙沙星(74.1%),左氧氟沙星(72.2%),青霉素(44.4%),万古霉素(37%),和利奈唑胺(20.4%)。50株(92.6%)对两种以上抗生素表现出耐药性,5株(10%)分别为XDR、其余45株(90%)为MDR。92.6%的分离株的MARindex>0.2,表明它们起源于具有高污染风险的环境。此外,确定了十个ARGs,tet(M)92.6%,其次是erm(B)(88.9%),aac(6')-Ie-aph(2″)-Ia(77.8%),tet(K)(75.9%),gyrA(74.1%),blaZ(48.1%),vana(37%),vanB(31.5%),optrA(20.4%),和catA(3.7%)。观察到生物膜形成和明胶酶活性在85.2%,61.1%的分离株,分别。共检出11个VAG,GelE是最普遍的(83.3%),其次是agg(79.6%),皮尔(74.1%),sprE和asa1(72.2%),hyl(70.4%),EPS(68.5%),EF3314(57.4%),ace(50%),和cylA(35.2%),未检测到cylB。总之,从埃及鱼虾中回收的耐利奈唑胺-耐万古霉素肠球菌的出现,这表明鱼类和海鲜可能参与了人类抗菌素耐药性的出现。
Enterococci are emerging nosocomial pathogens. Their widespread distribution causes them to be food contaminants. Furthermore, Enterococci can colonize various ecological niches and diffuse into the food chain via contaminated animals and foods because of their remarkable tolerance to unfavorable environmental circumstances. Due to their potential dissemination to humans, antimicrobial-resistant Enterococci in fish are a worldwide health issue. This study characterized AMR, ARGs, VAGs,
gelatinase activity, and biofilm formation in Enterococcus spp. recovered from fish and seafood and evaluated potential correlations. 54 Enterococcus spp. strains(32.73 %)were isolated from 165 samples (75 Oreochromis niloticus, 30 Argyrosomus regius, and 60 Shrimp), comprising 30 Enterococcus faecalis (55.6 %) and 24 Enterococcus faecium (44.4 %) with total 32.73 % (54/165), The maximum prevalence rate of Enterococcus spp. was observed in Nile tilapia (34/54; 63 %), followed by shrimp (14/54; 25.9 %) and Argyrosomus regius (6/54; 11.1 %). The maximum prevalence rate of E. faecalis was observed in Nile tilapia (22/30; 73.3 %), followed by shrimp (8/30; 26.7 %) with significant differences. The prevalence rate of E. faecium was observed in Nile tilapia (12/24; 50 %), followed by shrimp (6/24,25 %). E. faecium is only isolated from Argyrosomus regius (6/24,25 %). Isolates exhibited high resistance against both tetracycline (90.7 %) and erythromycin(88.9 %), followed by gentamycin (77.8 %), ciprofloxacin (74.1 %), levofloxacin (72.2 %), penicillin (44.4 %), vancomycin (37 %), and linezolid (20.4 %). 50 strains (92.6 %) exhibited resistance to more than two antibiotics, 5 strains (10 %) were XDR, and the remaining 45 strains (90 %) were classified as MDR. 92.6 % of the isolates had MARindices >0.2, indicating they originated in settings with a high risk of contamination. Additionally, ten ARGs were identified, with tet(M) 92.6 %, followed by erm(B) (88.9 %), aac(6\')-Ie-aph(2″)-Ia(77.8 %), tet(K) (75.9 %), gyrA (74.1 %), blaZ (48.1 %), vanA (37 %), vanB (31.5 %), optrA (20.4 %), and catA(3.7 %). Biofilm formation and
gelatinase activity were observed in 85.2 %, and 61.1 % of the isolates, respectively. A total of 11 VAGs were detected, with gelE as the most prevalent (83.3 %) followed by agg(79.6 %), pil (74.1 %), both sprE and asa1 (72.2 %), hyl (70.4 %), eps(68.5 %), EF3314 (57.4 %), ace (50 %), and cylA (35.2 %) with no detection of cylB. In conclusion, the emergence of linezolid-resistant -vancomycin-resistant enterococci recovered from Egyptian fish and shrimp, suggests that fish and seafood might participate a fundamental part in the emergence of antimicrobial resistance among humans.