BACKGROUND: The diagnosis and management of biliary dyskinesia in children and adolescents remains variable and controversial. The American Pediatric Surgical Association Outcomes and Evidence-Based Practice Committee (APSA OEBP) performed a systematic review of the literature to develop evidence-based recommendations.
METHODS: Through an iterative process, the membership of the APSA OEBP developed five a priori questions focused on diagnostic criteria, indications for cholecystectomy, short and long-term outcomes, predictors of success/benefit, and outcomes of medical management. A systematic review was conducted, and articles were selected for review following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Risk of bias was assessed using Methodologic Index for Non-Randomized Studies (MINORS) criteria. The Oxford Levels of Evidence and Grades of Recommendation were utilized.
RESULTS: The diagnostic criteria for biliary dyskinesia in children and adolescents are not clearly defined. Cholecystectomy may provide long-term partial or complete relief in some patients; however, there are no reliable predictors of symptom relief. Some patients may experience resolution of symptoms with non-operative management.
CONCLUSIONS: Pediatric biliary dyskinesia remains an ill-defined clinical entity. Pediatric-specific guidelines are necessary to better characterize the condition, guide work-up, and provide management recommendations. Prospective studies are necessary to more reliably identify patients who may benefit from cholecystectomy.
METHODS: Level 3-4.
METHODS: Systematic Review of Level 3-4 Studies.

OBJECTIVE: Gallstone disease affects ≥40 million people in the USA and accounts for health costs of ≥$4 billion a year. Risk factors such as obesity and metabolic syndrome are well established. However, data are limited on relevant metabolomic alterations that could offer mechanistic and predictive insights into gallstone disease. This study prospectively identifies and externally validates circulating prediagnostic metabolites associated with incident gallstone disease.
METHODS: Female participants in Nurses\' Health Study (NHS) and Nurses\' Health Study II (NHS II) who were free of known gallstones (N=9960) were prospectively followed up after baseline metabolomic profiling with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Multivariable logistic regression and enrichment analysis were used to identify metabolites and metabolite groups associated with incident gallstone disease at PFDR<0.05. Findings were validated in 1866 female participants in the Women\'s Health Initiative and a comparative analysis was performed with 2178 male participants in the Health Professionals Follow-up Study.
RESULTS: After multivariate adjustment for lifestyle and putative risk factors, we identified and externally validated 17 metabolites associated with incident gallstone disease in women-nine triacylglycerols (TAGs) and diacylglycerols (DAGs) were positively associated, while eight plasmalogens and cholesterol ester (CE) were negatively associated. Enrichment analysis in male and female cohorts revealed positive class associations with DAGs, TAGs (≤56 carbon atoms and ≤3 double bonds) and de novo TAG biosynthesis pathways, as well as inverse associations with CEs.
CONCLUSIONS: This study highlights several metabolites (TAGs, DAGs, plasmalogens and CE) that could be implicated in the aetiopathogenesis of gallstone disease and serve as clinically relevant markers.

Bouveret syndrome is one of the complications of gallstone disease possibly fatal, which proposes the presence of a large stone obliterating the lumen of the duodenum or stomach because of the formation of a bilioenteric fistula. This review article, therefore, plans to review the causes, patient characteristics, diagnostic workup, associated conditions, and treatment of Bouveret syndrome. A literature search was also performed through scientific databases such as Scopus, Google Scholar, and PubMed concerning articles related to Bouveret syndrome written by different authors. The terms employed for the search were bilioduodenal fistula, Bouveret syndrome, gastric outlet obstruction, and gallstone ileus. Both case reports and systematic reviews that were written in the English language and published between the years 2000 and 2024 were considered. Finally, the review establishes the relevant concerns surrounding the diagnosis of Bouveret syndrome, focusing on the diagnosing issues. It emphasises the need for some specialities\' involvement and focuses on the importance of endoscopic intervention. For patients, endoscopy remains the first line of treatment, while surgery is necessary in cases where conservative methods cannot be used. The article also focuses on new approaches to treating the conditions, such as percutaneous gallbladder stone dissolution. Latterly, further developments in minimally invasive surgery pertain to refining methods, including endoscopic removal and lithotripsy, to improve the survival rate of patients. Further investigation is required, especially regarding the administration schedule in relation to this disorder and goals that can reduce mortality and morbidity, especially in elderly patients with comorbid diseases.

UNASSIGNED: Globally, the incidence and mortality from gallbladder diseases is on the rise. The gold standard for the management of symptomatic gallbladder disease is laparoscopic cholecystectomy. The practice of laparoscopic cholecystectomy is at a nascent stage in Low and middle-income countries like Nigeria despite its obvious advantages over traditional open cholecystectomy. This systematic review aims to assess the extent to which laparoscopic cholecystectomy is performed for the management of gallbladder diseases in Nigeria.
UNASSIGNED: The review was guided by the PRISMA model. We searched MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, Scopus, and Global health databases. All searches were conducted in August 2023. All study designs reporting laparoscopic cholecystectomy in Nigeria, in the past 10 years were included. Three authors conducted the data extraction using data extraction tables and two authors independently assessed the data for accuracy and completeness. The Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal tool was used to assess the data quality. Twenty-two articles with 1569 patients were included in this review.
UNASSIGNED: Females accounted for 69.5% of the patients and 30.5% were males. Twelve (54.5%) of the studies were from the Southwest of the country, 3 (13.6%) each from the South East and North Central regions, 2 (9.1%) South-South, and 1 (4.5%) each from the North East and North West. Study designs were mostly cross-sectional with sample sizes from 1 to 400. The highest and lowest number of laparoscopic cholecystectomies reported were 300 and 1 respectively. The majority (95.2%) of laparoscopic cholecystectomies were on account of calculous cholecystitis and the methods reported were the 4-port and 3-port techniques. The follow-up period ranged from 3 weeks to 2 years with 54 (3.4%) complications reported.
UNASSIGNED: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy in Nigeria is relatively safe with minimal complications. Its demand and uptake are on the rise, though slowly owing to its relatively high cost.

UNASSIGNED: The aim of this observational study was to analyze trends in the incidence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) of benign gallbladder and biliary diseases across high-income countries between 1990 and 2019.
UNASSIGNED: Benign gallbladder and biliary diseases place a substantial burden on healthcare systems in high-income countries. Accurate characterization of the disease burden may help optimize healthcare policy and resource distribution.
UNASSIGNED: Age-standardized incidence rates (ASIRs), age-standardized mortality rates (ASMRs), and DALYs data for gallbladder and biliary diseases in males and females were extracted from the 2019 Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study. A mortality-incidence index (MII) was also calculated. Joinpoint regression analysis was performed.
UNASSIGNED: The median ASIRs across the European Union 15+ countries in 2019 were 758/100,000 for females and 282/100,000 for males. Between 1990 and 2019 the median percentage change in ASIR was +2.49% for females and +1.07% for males. The median ASMRs in 2019 were 1.22/100,000 for females and 1.49/100,000 for males with a median percentage change over the observation period of -21.93% and -23.01%, respectively. In 2019, the median DALYs was 65/100,000 for females and 37/100,000 among males, with comparable percentage decreases over the observation period of -21.27% and -19.23%, respectively.
UNASSIGNED: International variation in lifestyle factors, diagnostic and management strategies likely account for national and sex disparities. This study highlights the importance of ongoing clinical efforts to optimize treatment pathways for gallbladder and biliary diseases, particularly in the provision of emergency surgical services and efforts to address population risk factors.

Situs inversus totalis (SIT) is a rare and nonfatal congenital anomaly where there is a complete inversion of a patient\'s visceral organs. Throughout the patient\'s lifetime, they will encounter various challenges due to their unique anatomic variation. In this case, we report the treatment of symptomatic cholelithiasis in a 33-year-old female with comorbid SIT who underwent a laparoscopic cholecystectomy without postoperative complications. Despite the added layer of complexity in her presentation, we were able to perform the cholecystectomy laparoscopically with slight modifications to better accommodate her anatomical mirroring. Modifications made in the form of bed positioning, trochar placement, and surgical team positioning prove that strategic operative planning is essential to optimizing outcomes for this unique patient population.

暂无摘要。

Background  Conflicting evidence regarding the laparoscopic versus open cholecystectomy outcomes in scientific literature impacts the medical decision-making for patients with gallbladder disease. This study aimed to compare a range of primary and secondary outcomes between patients receiving laparoscopic cholecystectomy and those with open intervention. Methods  Articles published from 1993 to 2023 were explored by utilizing advanced filters of PubMed Central/Medline, Web of Science, CINAHL, JSTOR, Cochrane Library, Scopus, and EBSCO. The gallbladder disease was determined by the presence of one or more of the following conditions: 1) Gangrenous cholecystitis, 2) acute cholecystitis, 3) chronic gallbladder diseases, and 4) cholelithiasis. The primary end-point was mortality, while the secondary outcome included (1) bile leakage, 2) common bile duct injury, 3) gangrene, 4) hospital stay (days), 5) major complications, 6) median hospital stay (days), (7) pneumonia, 8) sick leaves (days), and 9) wound infection. Results  Statistically significant reductions were observed in mortality (odds ratio [OR]: 0.30, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.30, 0.45, p  < 0.00001), mean hospital stay duration (mean difference: -2.68, 95% CI: -3.66, -1.70, p  < 0.00001), major complications (OR: 0.35, 95% CI: 0.19, 0.64, p  = 0.0005), post/intraoperative wound infection (OR: 0.29, 95% CI: 0.16, 0.51, p  < 0.0001), and sick leaves (OR: 0.34, 95% CI: 0.14, 0.80, p  = 0.01) in patients who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy compared with those with the open intervention. No statistically significant differences were recorded between the study groups for bile leakage, common bile duct injury, gangrene, median hospital stay days, and pneumonia ( p  > 0.05). Conclusions  The pooled outcomes favored the use of laparoscopic cholecystectomy over the open procedure in patients with gallbladder disease. The consolidated findings indicate the higher impact of laparoscopic cholecystectomy in improving patient outcomes, including safety episodes, compared with open cholecystectomy.

BACKGROUND: Carcinosarcoma of the gallbladder is a rare malignant tumor with a very poor prognosis. To date, only approximately 100 patients have been reported in the English literature. The prognosis of this tumor type is poor, the preoperative diagnosis is difficult, and there is a possibility of a misdiagnosis. We present an unsuccessful case of carcinosarcoma of the gallbladder with a preoperative misdiagnosis and rapid early postoperative recurrence. Therefore, we have a deeper understanding of the poor prognosis of gallbladder carcinosarcoma (GBC) patients.
METHODS: The patient is a 65-year-old male. He was admitted to the hospital because of right upper abdomen distending pain and discomfort for half a month. Abdominal magnetic resonance imaging revealed a polycystic mass in the right lobe of the liver and the fossa of the gallbladder. After admission, the patient was diagnosed with a liver abscess, which was treated by abscess puncture drainage. Obviously, this treatment was unsuccessful. Hepatectomy and cholecystectomy were performed one month after the puncture. Postoperative pathologic examination revealed carcinosarcoma of the gallbladder, and the resected specimen contained two tumor components. One month after surgery, the patient\'s tumor recurred in situ and started to compress the duodenum, resulting in duodenal obstruction and bleeding. The treatment was not effective. The patient died of gastrointestinal hemorrhage and hypovolemic shock.
CONCLUSIONS: Carcinosarcoma of the gallbladder is a rare malignant tumor that is easily misdiagnosed preoperatively and has a poor prognosis.

暂无摘要。