温度和湿度,以及氨和硫化氢的浓度,是重要的环境因素,显着影响猪栖息地内猪的生长和健康。准确预测猪舍这些环境变量的能力至关重要,因为它为内部环境条件的精确和有针对性的监管提供了至关重要的决策支持。这种方法确保了最佳的生活环境,对猪的健康和健康发展至关重要。现有的预测猪舍环境因素的方法目前受到预测精度低、环境条件波动大等问题的阻碍。为了解决本研究中的这些挑战,采用改进的粪甲虫算法(DBO)的混合模型,时间卷积网络(TCN),并提出了门控递归单位(GRU)用于预测和优化猪舍中的环境因素。该模型通过引入鱼鹰优化算法(OOA),增强了DBO的全局搜索能力。混合模型利用DBO的优化能力对环境因素的时间序列数据进行初步拟合,并随后结合TCN的长期依赖捕获能力和GRU的非线性序列处理能力,以准确预测DBO拟合的残差。在氨浓度的预测中,OTDBO-TCN-GRU模型表现出优异的性能,具有平均绝对误差(MAE),均方误差(MSE),和测定系数(R2)分别为0.0474、0.0039和0.9871。与DBO-TCN-GRU模型相比,OTDBO-TCN-GRU在MAE和MSE方面实现了37.2%和66.7%的显著降低,分别,而R2值提高了2.5%。与OOA模型相比,OTDBO-TCN-GRU的MAE和MSE指标分别降低了48.7%和74.2%,分别,而R2值提高了3.6%。此外,改进的OTDBO-TCN-GRU模型对环境气体的预测误差小于0.3mg/m3,对突然的环境变化影响较小,表明了该模型对环境预测的鲁棒性和适应性。因此,OTDBO-TCN-GRU模型,正如这项研究中提出的,优化环境因子时间序列的预测性能,为猪舍环境控制提供实质性的决策支持。
Temperature and humidity, along with concentrations of ammonia and hydrogen sulfide, are critical environmental factors that significantly influence the growth and health of pigs within porcine habitats. The ability to accurately predict these environmental variables in pig houses is pivotal, as it provides crucial decision-making support for the precise and targeted regulation of the internal environmental conditions. This approach ensures an optimal living environment, essential for the well-being and healthy development of the pigs. The existing methodologies for forecasting environmental factors in pig houses are currently hampered by issues of low predictive accuracy and significant fluctuations in environmental conditions. To address these challenges in this study, a hybrid model incorporating the improved dung beetle algorithm (DBO), temporal convolutional networks (TCNs), and gated recurrent units (GRUs) is proposed for the prediction and optimization of environmental factors in pig barns. The model enhances the global search capability of DBO by introducing the Osprey Eagle optimization algorithm (OOA). The hybrid model uses the optimization capability of DBO to initially fit the time-series data of environmental factors, and subsequently combines the long-term dependence capture capability of TCNs and the non-linear sequence processing capability of GRUs to accurately predict the residuals of the DBO fit. In the prediction of ammonia concentration, the OTDBO-TCN-
GRU model shows excellent performance with mean absolute error (MAE), mean square error (MSE), and coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.0474, 0.0039, and 0.9871, respectively. Compared with the DBO-TCN-
GRU model, OTDBO-TCN-
GRU achieves significant reductions of 37.2% and 66.7% in MAE and MSE, respectively, while the R2 value is improved by 2.5%. Compared with the OOA model, the OTDBO-TCN-
GRU achieved 48.7% and 74.2% reductions in the MAE and MSE metrics, respectively, while the R2 value improved by 3.6%. In addition, the improved OTDBO-TCN-
GRU model has a prediction error of less than 0.3 mg/m3 for environmental gases compared with other algorithms, and has less influence on sudden environmental changes, which shows the robustness and adaptability of the model for environmental prediction. Therefore, the OTDBO-TCN-
GRU model, as proposed in this study, optimizes the predictive performance of environmental factor time series and offers substantial decision support for environmental control in pig houses.