目的:糖尿病(DM)是一个全球性的健康问题,影响着全球数百万人。本综述旨在叙述2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者的临床指南和治疗干预措施。此外,本工作总结了正在进行的1/2/3期和针对T2DM的临床试验.
方法:使用各种数据库进行了细致而全面的文献综述,比如PubMed,MEDLINE,临床试验数据库(https://clinicaltrials.gov/),和谷歌学者,包括针对T2DM的各种临床试验和治疗干预措施。
结果:根据我们的发现,我们得出的结论是,大多数2型糖尿病相关的临床试验都是介入性的.抗糖尿病疗法,包括胰岛素,二甲双胍,二肽基肽酶-4(DPP-4)抑制剂,胰高血糖素样肽-1受体激动剂(GLP-1RAs),和钠-葡萄糖协同转运蛋白-2(SGLT-2)抑制剂是临床研究的一线治疗剂。目前,IV期临床试验中的治疗剂主要是SGLT-2抑制剂,暗示他们对2型糖尿病临床管理的重要贡献。
结论:尽管T2DM治疗取得了成功,减少糖尿病后果和改善血糖控制的创新治疗方案正在激增.需要更多的重点是探索可以提供更持续的血糖控制的新型靶向药物候选物。
OBJECTIVE: Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a global health concern that affects millions of people globally. The present review aims to narrate the clinical guidelines and therapeutic interventions for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) patients. Furthermore, the present work summarizes the ongoing phase 1/2/3 and clinical trials against T2DM.
METHODS: A meticulous and comprehensive literature review was performed using various databases, such as PubMed, MEDLINE, Clinical trials database (https://clinicaltrials.gov/), and Google Scholar, to include various clinical trials and therapeutic interventions against T2DM.
RESULTS: Based on our findings, we concluded that most T2DM-associated clinical trials are interventional. Anti-diabetic therapeutics, including insulin, metformin, Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors, Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists (GLP-1RAs), and Sodium- Glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors are frontline therapeutics being clinically investigated. Currently, the therapeutics in phase IV clinical trials are mostly SGLT-2 inhibitors, implicating their critical contribution to the clinical management of T2DM.
CONCLUSIONS: Despite the success of T2DM treatments, a surge in innovative treatment options to reduce diabetic consequences and improve glycemic control is currently ongoing. More emphasis needs to be on exploring novel targeted drug candidates that can offer more sustained glycemic control.