Functional ecology

  • 文章类型: Journal Article
    在外来入侵物种(IAS)的全球背景下,原生捕食者通常被功能不同的国际会计准则根除,由于捕食者在构建社区和稳定食物网中发挥的关键作用,因此可能会对生态系统功能产生复杂的级联后果。在永久性池塘里,地球上最丰富的淡水系统,全球人类介导的外来杂食动物如宠物贸易金鱼的引入正在推动本地捕食者的大规模排斥模式,但是对食物网结构和功能的级联后果的研究严重不足。我们比较了天然无鱼池塘的食物网和池塘,在过去十年中,入侵性金鱼已经消灭了主要的本地捕食者(new)。整合全群落同位素,分类学和功能特征方法,我们的研究表明,引入金鱼并排除本地捕食者后,池塘食物网在垂直和水平方向上都会塌陷。消费者分类多样性大幅减少,基本上被剥夺了两栖动物以及掠夺性和可移动的大型无脊椎动物,营养水平较低的消费者(有害食品)。群落结构和功能的变化突显了主要以底栖初级生产(附生)为特征的大型植物主导系统的政权转变,主要与浮游植物初级生产和碎屑积累有关的大型植物枯竭状态的池塘,对富营养化具有较高的耐受性和较低的溶解氧浓度。结果强调了广泛引入的杂食动物(如金鱼)对池塘生态系统功能的重大影响,对它们提供的关键生态系统服务可能产生巨大影响。例如全球生物多样性支持或水质改善。他们还阐明了淹没的水生植被在支持浅层系统中的不同社区和复杂食物网中的关键作用,并呼吁管理者和决策者紧急考虑国际会计准则对池塘生态系统构成的威胁。
    In a global context of invasive alien species (IAS), native predators are often eradicated by functionally different IAS, which may induce complex cascading consequences on ecosystem functioning because of the key role predators play in structuring communities and stabilizing food webs. In permanent ponds, the most abundant freshwater systems on Earth, global human-mediated introductions of alien omnivores such as the pet trade goldfish are driving broad-scale patterns of native predators\' exclusion, but cascading consequences on food web structure and functioning are critically understudied. We compared food webs of naturally fishless ponds versus ponds where dominant native predators (newts) had been extirpated by invasive goldfish within the last decade. Integrating community-wide isotopic, taxonomic and functional traits approaches, our study reveals that pond food webs collapsed in both vertical and horizontal dimensions following goldfish introduction and the associated exclusion of native predators. Consumer taxonomic diversity was drastically reduced, essentially deprived of amphibians as well as predatory and mobile macroinvertebrates to the profit of burrowing, lower trophic level consumers (detritivores). Changes in community structure and function underlined a regime shift from a macrophyte-dominated system mainly characterized by benthic primary production (periphyton), to a macrophyte-depleted state of ponds hosting communities mainly associated with phytoplankton primary production and detritus accumulation, with higher tolerance to eutrophication and low dissolved oxygen concentration. Results underline major impacts of widely introduced omnivores such as the goldfish on the functioning of pond ecosystems with potentially dramatic consequences on the key ecosystem services they deliver, such as global biodiversity support or water quality improvement. They also shed light on the key role of submerged aquatic vegetation in supporting diverse communities and complex food webs in shallow lentic systems and call for urgent consideration of threats posed by IAS on ponds\' ecosystems by managers and policymakers.
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  • 文章类型: Journal Article
    动物的体型表现出对环境变化的快速反应,并在整个生态尺度上表现出相当大的变异性。显著影响生态群落组装。然而,我们对体型变化的程度及其对土壤动物内部环境差异的反应的理解仍然有限,阻碍了对土壤动物功能生态学的全面把握。这里,我们的目的是研究沿海拔梯度的地势内体型变化的幅度及其对土壤线虫群落组装的影响。我们研究了青藏高原东部高山地区沿海拔梯度从3136到4128m的土壤线虫体型响应。我们评估了体型大小的种内和种间差异的贡献,在社区内部和社区之间,使用单独的体型值。这些变化对社区组装过程的影响是通过使用置换测试的表型方差比确定的。我们的分析没有揭示海拔高度和社区加权平均体重之间的统计学显着相关性,无论考虑到性别内性状变异(IGTV)。社区之间大约15%的体型变化和社区内72%的体型变化可归因于IGTV。海拔高度对社区内或社区之间的IGTV没有显着影响。此外,我们的结果强调了社区内部过滤在管理线虫社区集会中的主导作用,社区外的外部过滤在我们的海拔范围内起着有限的作用。我们的发现强调了身体大小变化在社区内而不是社区之间的主导作用,归因于强大的内部过滤过程。这些发现增进了我们对生态尺度上土壤线虫的体型变化的理解,并强调了地内变异在塑造土壤动物功能生态学中的关键作用。
    Animal body size exhibits rapid responses to environmental variations and displays considerable variability across ecological scales, significantly influencing ecological community assembly. However, our understanding of the extent of body size variation and its responses to environmental differences within soil fauna remains limited, impeding a comprehensive grasp of soil fauna\'s functional ecology. Here, we aim to investigate the magnitude of intrageneric body size variation and its implications for soil nematode community assembly along an altitudinal gradient. We examined soil nematode body size responses along an altitudinal gradient spanning from 3136 to 4128 m in an alpine mountain region of the eastern Tibetan Plateau. We assessed the contributions of intra- and intergeneric variations in body size, both within and among communities, using individual body size values. The implications of these variations for community assembly processes were determined through phenotypic variance ratios employing permutation tests. Our analyses did not reveal statistically significant correlations between altitude and the community-weighted mean body mass, regardless of considering intrageneric trait variation (IGTV). Approximately 15% of the variation in body size among communities and a substantial 72% of the variation in body size within communities can be attributed to IGTV. Altitude did not significantly affect IGTV within or among communities. Furthermore, our results underscored the dominant role of internal filtering within the community in governing nematode community assembly, with external filtering outside the community playing a limited role within our altitudinal range. Our findings emphasize the dominant role of body size variation within communities rather than among communities, attributable to strong internal filtering processes. These findings advance our understanding of body size variation in soil nematodes across ecological scales and highlight the pivotal role of intrageneric variation in shaping the functional ecology of soil fauna.
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  • 文章类型: Journal Article
    海洋物种正在广泛改变其分布,以响应全球变化,通常预计它们将向北移动并到达更大的深度以达到更低的温度,不受干扰的栖息地。然而,全球变化的局部表现,人为压力,和物种特征可能导致单个物种的意外和变化的反应。在这方面,凯尔特-比斯开大陆架是一个特别有趣的研究系统,因为它在历史上被大量捕捞,发生在两个不同的生物地理省份之间的界面,因此,它的群落由具有不同热偏好的物种组成。在气温迅速变暖和渔业开发密集的背景下,我们调查了93个分类单元(65个Actinopteri,10Elasmobranchii,11头足类,5Malacostraca,和2Bivalvia),从1997年到2020年,每年在一次科学的底拖网调查中进行采样。我们使用了一组11个互补的空间指数来量化分类单元随时间的分布变化。然后,我们探索了分类单元丰度的相对影响,钓鱼压力,当检测到显著的变化时,气候条件对分类单元的分布变化的影响。我们观察到56%的分类单元发生了显着变化。并非所有的类群都会向北转移到更深的地区,正如人们经常期望的那样。确定了两种相反的模式:类群要么向东南方向移动,或者靠近地面和西北。主要解释因素是气候变化(短期和长期温度)和分类单元丰度。捕鱼压力是第三个,但仍然很重要,具有更大商业重要性的分类单元的解释因素。我们的研究强调,分类单元在应对人为干扰的综合作用下表现出复杂的分布变化,并强调需要进行区域研究,以更好地了解生态系统规模的这些响应,以制定更合适的管理计划和政策。
    Marine species are widely shifting their distributions in response to global changes and it is commonly expected they will move northward and to greater depths to reach cooler, less disturbed habitats. However, local manifestations of global changes, anthropogenic pressures, and species characteristics may lead to unanticipated and varied responses by individual species. In this regard, the Celtic-Biscay Shelf is a particularly interesting study system because it has historically been heavily fished and occurs at the interface between two distinct biogeographic provinces, its community thus comprised of species with diverse thermal preferenda. In the context of rapidly warming temperatures and intense fishery exploitation, we investigated the distribution shifts of 93 taxa (65 Actinopteri, 10 Elasmobranchii, 11 Cephalopoda, 5 Malacostraca, and 2 Bivalvia), which were sampled annually from 1997 to 2020 during a scientific bottom trawl survey. We used a set of 11 complementary spatial indices to quantify taxon distribution shifts over time. Then, we explored the relative effect of taxon abundance, fishing pressure, and climatic conditions on taxon\'s distribution shift when a significant shift was detected. We observed that 56% of the taxa significantly shifted. Not all taxa will necessarily shift northward and to deeper areas, as it is often expected. Two opposite patterns were identified: taxa either moving deeper and to the southeast, or moving closer to the surface and to the northwest. The main explanatory factors were climate change (short- and long-term temperatures) and taxon abundance. Fishing pressure was the third, but still significant, explanatory factor of taxa of greater commercial importance. Our research highlights that taxa are displaying complex distribution shifts in response to the combined anthropogenic disturbances and underscores the need to conduct regional studies to better understand these responses at the ecosystem scale to develop more suitable management plans and policies.
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  • 文章类型: Journal Article
    栖息地的改变和非本地物种的引入具有许多生态影响,包括生物多样性的丧失和生态系统功能的恶化。这些组合压力源对社区营养网和功能生态位的影响是,然而,不完全清楚。这里,我们调查了人工生态系统(即水库)和非本地物种如何影响淡水鱼群落的营养和功能生态位空间。要做到这一点,我们使用碳和氮稳定同位素和丰度数据来计算一组同位素,性状,以及从Türkiye的12个不同生态系统中采样的13个鱼类群落的功能指标。我们表明,在水库中,与湖泊相比,鱼类的营养生态位更相似,营养生态位的变化更大,由于较高的栖息地复杂性。然而,两种生态系统类型之间的性状和功能指标没有差异,表明猎物多样性高于水库的假设。我们还发现,非本地物种的数量并不影响营养生态位空间,也不是鱼类群落所占据的特征或功能空间。这表明非本地物种倾向于与本地物种重叠其营养生态位,同时在接受者社区功能空间中占据空的功能位。同样,非本地物种的比例不影响任何营养,性状,或功能度量,表明社区组成的变化没有反映在社区生态位空间的变化中。此外,我们发现特质丰富度,但不是功能丰富,与同位素生态位宽度和多样性呈正相关,表明较宽的占据性状生态位空间与较宽的占据营养生态位和较小的种间相似性相对应。我们的发现强调了淡水生态系统中生态关系的复杂性,并强调了需要采取综合管理策略来减轻人类活动和生物入侵的影响。
    Habitat alterations and the introduction of non-native species have many ecological impacts, including the loss of biodiversity and a deterioration of ecosystem functioning. The effects of these combined stressors on the community trophic web and functional niche are, however, not completely clear. Here, we investigated how artificial ecosystems (i.e. reservoirs) and non-native species may influence the trophic and functional niche space of freshwater fish communities. To do so, we used carbon and nitrogen stable isotope and abundance data to compute a set of isotopic, trait, and functional metrics for 13 fish communities sampled from 12 distinct ecosystems in Türkiye. We show that in reservoirs, fish were more similar in their trophic niche compared to lakes, where the trophic niche was more variable, due to higher habitat complexity. However, there were no differences in the trait and functional metrics between the two ecosystem types, suggesting a higher prey diversity than assumed in reservoirs. We also found that the number of non-native species did not affect the trophic niche space, nor the trait or functional space occupied by the fish community. This indicates that non-native species tended to overlap their trophic niche with native species, while occupying empty functional niches in the recipient community functional space. Similarly, the proportion of non-native species did not affect any trophic, trait, or functional metric, suggesting that changes in community composition were not reflected in changes in the community niche space. Moreover, we found that trait richness, but not functional richness, was positively related to the isotopic niche width and diversity, indicating that a wider occupied trait niche space corresponded with a wider occupied trophic niche and lesser interspecific similarity. Our findings underscore the complexity of ecological relationships within freshwater ecosystems and highlight the need for comprehensive management strategies to mitigate the impacts of human activities and biological invasions.
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  • 文章类型: Journal Article
    由于微生物与环境的多种相互作用,其生态作用至关重要。然而,尽管有高通量数据,但评估单个分类群体的贡献已被证明是困难的,阻碍了我们对这种复杂系统的理解。这里,我们提出了一个易于适用于宏基因组数据的行会的定量定义。我们的框架侧重于蛋白质序列的功能特征,以及他们的多样化性质。首先,我们从与基因注释相对应的整个序列空间中区分功能序列,然后量化它们对环境中行会组成的贡献。此外,我们识别和区分功能实现,它们是序列空间,它们具有不同的执行函数的方式。相比之下,我们发现,正交轮廓与生态(或功能)功能的不同实现并不一致。我们通过两个案例研究证明了我们方法的价值:Malaspina环球航行中的氨氧化和多胺吸收协会,揭示了后者在海洋生态系统中的新生态动态。因此,行会的量化有助于我们评估不同分类群的功能作用,对微生物群落的研究具有深远的意义。
    The ecological role of microorganisms is of utmost importance due to their multiple interactions with the environment. However, assessing the contribution of individual taxonomic groups has proven difficult despite the availability of high throughput data, hindering our understanding of such complex systems. Here, we propose a quantitative definition of guild that is readily applicable to metagenomic data. Our framework focuses on the functional character of protein sequences, as well as their diversifying nature. First, we discriminate functional sequences from the whole sequence space corresponding to a gene annotation to then quantify their contribution to the guild composition across environments. In addition, we identify and distinguish functional implementations, which are sequence spaces that have different ways of carrying out the function. In contrast, we found that orthology delineation did not consistently align with ecologically (or functionally) distinct implementations of the function. We demonstrate the value of our approach with two case studies: the ammonia oxidation and polyamine uptake guilds from the Malaspina circumnavigation cruise, revealing novel ecological dynamics of the latter in marine ecosystems. Thus, the quantification of guilds helps us to assess the functional role of different taxonomic groups with profound implications on the study of microbial communities.
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  • 文章类型: Journal Article
    微生物组表达影响宿主生物学的多种功能。功能范围取决于微生物组的组成,由于中立的程序集进程,它可以在主机的生存期内更改,宿主介导的选择,和环境条件。迄今为止,微生物组组装的确切动态,潜在的决定因素,对宿主相关功能的影响仍然知之甚少。这里,我们使用了线虫秀丽隐杆线虫和一个完全测序的确定的群落,在受控实验条件下,研究蠕虫宿主寿命的主要部分的微生物组动态和功能。细菌群落组成最初显示出剧烈下降的随机性,在稍后的时间点增加,表明在年轻动物中的选择性效应,而不是在老年动物中更随机的过程。与直接底物和无宿主对照环境相比,成体微生物组富含苍白杆菌属和肠杆菌。使用途径分析,新陈代谢,和生态建模,我们进一步发现,在宿主相关微生物组中,终生组装动力学增加了竞争策略和肠道相关功能,表明定殖细菌对蠕虫有益。总的来说,我们的研究引入了一个基于随机的微生物组组装动力学研究框架,生态,和代谢模型,对确定宿主相关微生物组组成和功能的过程产生新的见解。
    目的:微生物组在宿主生物学中起着至关重要的作用。其功能取决于在宿主的一生中可以改变的微生物组组成。迄今为止,微生物组组装的动力学和由此产生的功能仍需要更好地理解。本研究引入了一种新的方法,通过对微生物群落变化的随机过程和代谢特征的相关性进行建模来表征微生物组组装的功能后果。该方法应用于线虫秀丽隐杆线虫在其一生的大部分时间内获得的实验时间序列数据。随机过程起到了次要的作用,而有益细菌以及肠道相关功能在宿主中富集。这表明宿主可能主动塑造其微生物组的组成。总的来说,这项研究为研究微生物组组装动力学提供了一个框架,并对秀丽隐杆线虫的微生物组功能产生了新的见解。
    The microbiome expresses a variety of functions that influence host biology. The range of functions depends on the microbiome\'s composition, which can change during the host\'s lifetime due to neutral assembly processes, host-mediated selection, and environmental conditions. To date, the exact dynamics of microbiome assembly, the underlying determinants, and the effects on host-associated functions remain poorly understood. Here, we used the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans and a defined community of fully sequenced, naturally associated bacteria to study microbiome dynamics and functions across a major part of the worm\'s lifetime of hosts under controlled experimental conditions. Bacterial community composition initially shows strongly declining levels of stochasticity, which increases during later time points, suggesting selective effects in younger animals as opposed to more random processes in older animals. The adult microbiome is enriched in genera Ochrobactrum and Enterobacter compared to the direct substrate and a host-free control environment. Using pathway analysis, metabolic, and ecological modeling, we further find that the lifetime assembly dynamics increase competitive strategies and gut-associated functions in the host-associated microbiome, indicating that the colonizing bacteria benefit the worm. Overall, our study introduces a framework for studying microbiome assembly dynamics based on stochastic, ecological, and metabolic models, yielding new insights into the processes that determine host-associated microbiome composition and function.
    OBJECTIVE: The microbiome plays a crucial role in host biology. Its functions depend on the microbiome composition that can change during a host\'s lifetime. To date, the dynamics of microbiome assembly and the resulting functions still need to be better understood. This study introduces a new approach to characterize the functional consequences of microbiome assembly by modeling both the relevance of stochastic processes and metabolic characteristics of microbial community changes. The approach was applied to experimental time-series data obtained for the microbiome of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans across the major part of its lifetime. Stochastic processes played a minor role, whereas beneficial bacteria as well as gut-associated functions enriched in hosts. This indicates that the host might actively shape the composition of its microbiome. Overall, this study provides a framework for studying microbiome assembly dynamics and yields new insights into C. elegans microbiome functions.
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  • 文章类型: Journal Article
    功能性状是植物生态学中的关键工具,用于基于权衡来捕获生物体与环境的相互作用,并在生物体和生态系统过程之间建立联系。虽然已经为维管植物开发了功能性状的广泛框架,我们对苔藓植物缺乏同样的东西,尽管在过去的45年中,苔藓植物功能性状的研究数量有所增加,并且对苔藓植物在生态系统中发挥的生态作用的认识也有所增加。在这次审查中,我们从282篇发表的文章(10,005条记录)中收集了数据,这些文章专注于苔藓中测量的功能性状,并试图检查所测量性状类型的趋势,捕获性状覆盖的分类学和地理宽度,揭示当前文献中报道的偏见,并开发苔藓植物功能指数(BFI)来描述当前性状覆盖的完整性,并确定全球差距以集中研究工作。最常用的响应性状(与个体生物的生长/繁殖有关的性状)和效应性状(直接影响群落/生态系统尺度过程的性状)属于形态学类别(例如,叶面积,芽高度)和养分储存/循环,我们的BFI显示,这些数据通常来自欧洲的温带和北方地区,北美,和东亚。然而,不到10%的已知苔藓物种具有可用的功能性状信息。我们的合成表明需要研究与个体发育相关的性状,性别,和种内可塑性以及与水分关系和苔藓植物介导的土壤过程相关的性状的共同测量。
    Functional traits are critical tools in plant ecology for capturing organism-environment interactions based on trade-offs and making links between organismal and ecosystem processes. While broad frameworks for functional traits have been developed for vascular plants, we lack the same for bryophytes, despite an escalation in the number of studies on bryophyte functional trait in the last 45 years and an increased recognition of the ecological roles bryophytes play across ecosystems. In this review, we compiled data from 282 published articles (10,005 records) that focused on functional traits measured in mosses and sought to examine trends in types of traits measured, capture taxonomic and geographic breadth of trait coverage, reveal biases in coverage in the current literature, and develop a bryophyte-function index (BFI) to describe the completeness of current trait coverage and identify global gaps to focus research efforts. The most commonly measured response traits (those related to growth/reproduction in individual organisms) and effect traits (those that directly affect community/ecosystem scale processes) fell into the categories of morphology (e.g., leaf area, shoot height) and nutrient storage/cycling, and our BFI revealed that these data were most commonly collected from temperate and boreal regions of Europe, North America, and East Asia. However, fewer than 10% of known moss species have available functional trait information. Our synthesis revealed a need for research on traits related to ontogeny, sex, and intraspecific plasticity and on co-measurement of traits related to water relations and bryophyte-mediated soil processes.
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  • 文章类型: Journal Article
    气候变化可能会增加特有树种的栖息地丧失,并推动山区森林的森林转化。高程梯度提供了预测此类变化可能后果的机会。虽然已经沿着海拔梯度研究了各种分类单元的物种组成,关于土壤生物营养变化的数据很少。这里,我们调查了长白山北坡Collembola群落的营养变化,中国。我们在七个海拔(800-1700masl)的原始森林中采样了Collembola。我们在物种水平上测量了个体体长和总体稳定同位素。我们进一步将Collembola物种分类为生命形式。随着海拔的增加,Colembola群落的Δ15N和Δ13C值以及最小Δ15N值和同位素唯一性的群落加权均值增加,而Δ15N值的范围减小。Δ13C值的最大值和最小值在海拔之间有所不同,但没有线性趋势。Further,在所有海拔高度上出现的Collembola物种的Δ15N值随海拔高度的增加而增加。Δ15N值随海拔的变化在半叶物种中最为明显,而Δ13C值随着Euedaphic物种的升高而增加最强。Δ15N值随着半叶和松叶物种的体型减小而增加。总的来说,结果表明,在较低海拔地区充当初级分解者的Collembola物种向在较高海拔森林中充当次级分解者,甚至是捕食者或清道夫的转变。结果进一步表明,获得替代食物资源取决于Collembola的生命形式以及体型,并且在生态系统之间有所不同。
    Climate change will likely increase habitat loss of endemic tree species and drives forest conversion in mountainous forests. Elevation gradients provide the opportunity to predict possible consequences of such changes. While species compositions of various taxa have been investigated along elevation gradients, data on trophic changes in soil-dwelling organisms are scarce. Here, we investigated trophic changes of the Collembola communities along the northern slope of Changbai Mountain, China. We sampled Collembola in primary forests at seven elevations (800-1700 m asl). We measured individual body lengths and bulk stable isotopes on species level. We further categorized Collembola species into life forms. The community-weighted means of Δ15N and Δ13C values as well as minimum Δ15N values and isotopic uniqueness of Collembola communities increased with increasing elevation, while the range of Δ15N values decreased. Maximum and minimum of Δ13C values differed between elevations but showed no linear trend. Further, Δ15N values of Collembola species occurring across all elevations increased with elevation. Changes in Δ15N values with elevation were most pronounced in hemiedaphic species, while Δ13C values increased strongest with elevation in euedaphic species. Δ15N values increased with decreasing body size in hemiedaphic and euedaphic species. Overall, the results suggest that Collembola species functioning as primary decomposers at lower elevations shift towards functioning as secondary decomposers or even predators or scavengers at higher elevation forests. The results further indicate that access to alternative food resources depends on Collembola life form as well as body size and varies between ecosystems.
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  • 文章类型: Journal Article
    随着全球变化刺激全球珊瑚礁底栖群落组成的变化,为了更好地预测珊瑚礁退化的功能轨迹,需要更好地理解区分增殖底栖类群的定义分类和功能特征。这对藻类群体尤其重要,这在不断变化的珊瑚礁上具有戏剧性。对将簇绒表石蓝细菌群落与无处不在的草皮藻类组合区分开来的特征给予了有限的关注。这里,我们整合了光合产量的原位评估,并结合了metabarcoding和gun弹宏基因组测序,以探索表皮簇绒底栖蓝藻群落和表皮藻类草皮群落中的光生理学和原核组合结构。在平均量子产率中未检测到显著差异。然而,蓝藻簇的产量变异性明显更高。这些官能团之间的原核组合多样性和结构都没有显着差异。取样的蓝细菌簇,主要由Okeaniasp。,由变形杆菌的成员共同主导,Firmicutes,和拟杆菌,草皮藻类社区也是如此。很少检测到的ASV在官能团之间具有明显的差异,并且仅由属于门变形杆菌和Firmicutes的分类单元组成。对回收的蓝细菌扩增子分布的评估表明,除了样品特异性蓝细菌的多样化外,在簇绒蓝细菌和草皮藻类群落中,主要的蓝细菌成员被保存下来。总的来说,这些数据表明,在簇绒表皮层蓝藻群落和藻类草皮群落之间的分类学身份和平均光合潜力趋同,对未来珊瑚礁的消费资源动态和珊瑚礁功能生态学的轨迹具有许多影响。
    As global change spurs shifts in benthic community composition on coral reefs globally, a better understanding of the defining taxonomic and functional features that differentiate proliferating benthic taxa is needed to predict functional trajectories of reef degradation better. This is especially critical for algal groups, which feature dramatically on changing reefs. Limited attention has been given to characterizing the features that differentiate tufting epilithic cyanobacterial communities from ubiquitous turf algal assemblages. Here, we integrated an in situ assessment of photosynthetic yield with metabarcoding and shotgun metagenomic sequencing to explore photophysiology and prokaryotic assemblage structure within epilithic tufting benthic cyanobacterial communities and epilithic algal turf communities. Significant differences were not detected in the average quantum yield. However, variability in yield was significantly higher in cyanobacterial tufts. Neither prokaryotic assemblage diversity nor structure significantly differed between these functional groups. The sampled cyanobacterial tufts, predominantly built by Okeania sp., were co-dominated by members of the Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, and Bacteroidota, as were turf algal communities. Few detected ASVs were significantly differentially abundant between functional groups and consisted exclusively of taxa belonging to the phyla Proteobacteria and Firmicutes. Assessment of the distribution of recovered cyanobacterial amplicons demonstrated that alongside sample-specific cyanobacterial diversification, the dominant cyanobacterial members were conserved across tufting cyanobacterial and turf algal communities. Overall, these data suggest a convergence in taxonomic identity and mean photosynthetic potential between tufting epilithic cyanobacterial communities and algal turf communities, with numerous implications for consumer-resource dynamics on future reefs and trajectories of reef functional ecology.
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  • 文章类型: Journal Article
    Understanding the mechanisms of biological invasions (e.g., competitive exclusion) is a key conservation challenge, especially on islands. Many mechanisms have been tested by comparing the characteristics of native and alien species, but few studies have considered ecological strategies. Here we aim at comparing the competitive ability, stress tolerance, and ruderalism (CSR) of native and alien trees in the tropical rainforests of Réunion Island. A total of sixteen 100 m2 plots (eight \'near-trail\' and eight \'off-trail\', at less disturbed sites) were established over a 2100 m elevational gradient. Three traits were measured in 1093 leaves from 237 trees: leaf area, leaf dry matter content and specific leaf area. They were converted into a CSR score assigned to each of the 80 surveyed tree species (70 native and 10 alien) using the \'Stratefy\' ordination approach. C scores increased with basal area and S scores with elevation, but R scores were not higher along the trail, thus only partially validating Stratefy. Native and alien trees had similar CS strategies, thus challenging invasion hypotheses predicting a difference in ecological strategies and rather demonstrating the importance of environmental filtering. However, other differences falling outside the CSR theory may also explain the success of alien species on Réunion.
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