食品安全已成为越南消费者和政府最关心的问题。然而,关于越南食品安全管理系统的数据有限。这项研究发现,在岘港地区的新鲜农产品链(农民和传统批发商/市场销售商)上,良好的农业和卫生习惯存在显着差距。越南。这是通过一项关于农民(n=100)和销售商(n=100)的良好农业和卫生习惯的调查来实现的,研究人员进一步补充了大肠杆菌的微生物分析,沙门氏菌属。,绿叶蔬菜上的单核细胞增生李斯特菌,与产品和接触表面(手)接触的水。结果表明,在过去的3年中,有86.0%的农民和54.0%的卖家接受了食品安全培训;女性在蔬菜种植和贸易中占主导地位。农场层面的缺陷包括洗手习惯不足,缺乏粪便施用时间表的文件,不正确的洗涤和干燥的收获工具,未能使集装箱远离地面,蔬菜储存不当,和容器覆盖不足,分别为34.0%,30.3%,12.1%,41.7%和7.9%的农民按照世卫组织/粮农组织“种植更安全的水果和蔬菜的5个关键”的规定执行了这种做法。至于卖家,最主要的差距(<50.0%的依从性)是洗手的方式和以前将容器抬高离开地面的做法,during,收获后。微生物分析证实,在总共36个新鲜农产品样品中,包括芥菜,黄瓜,生菜,和皇冠雏菊,大肠杆菌阳性的样本数量,沙门氏菌属。,单核细胞增生李斯特菌分别为12、2和10。手和灌溉水的样品显示出大肠杆菌的高度污染。根据确定的差距,开发了风险沟通工具,并在农民中分发,卖家,和岘港食品安全管理当局(在传统食品市场进行检查的政府组织)。作为干预,两名农民和两名销售商接受了种植新鲜蔬菜的安全农业实践培训(管理干预),并指示使用自来水作为灌溉水,而不是不受控制的地表水(技术干预)。进行了事后评估,包括重做关于良好做法和微生物分析的调查。这些干预措施的结果显示,在良好的农业和卫生习惯方面取得了积极成果,从而提高了新鲜农产品的卫生水平和安全性。这项研究的结果有可能为在新兴国家的替代食物链或地理区域中制定基于科学的风险管理战略提供模型。
Food safety has emerged as a paramount concern for both Vietnamese consumers and the government. However, limited data are available on food safety management systems in Viet Nam. This study identified significant gaps in good agricultural and hygienic practices along the fresh produce chain (farmers and traditional wholesalers/market sellers) in the region of Da Nang, Viet Nam. This was achieved through a survey on good agricultural and hygienic practices for farmers (n = 100) and sellers (n = 100), which researchers further supplemented by microbiological analysis for E. coli, Salmonella spp., and Listeria monocytogenes on leafy greens, water in contact with produce and contact surfaces (hands). The results indicated that 86.0 % of farmers and 54.0 % of sellers received food safety training in the last 3 years; and women dominated both vegetable cultivation but also trading. Farm-level deficiencies included inadequate handwashing practices, lack of documentation for manure application schedules, improper washing and drying of harvest tools, failure to keep containers elevated off the ground, improper storage of vegetables, and inadequate covering of containers, with respectively 34.0 %, 30.3 %, 12.1 %, 41.7 % and 7.9 % of farmers executing the practice as prescribed by the WHO/FAO \'5 keys of growing safer fruits and vegetables\'. As for sellers, the most dominant gaps (<50.0 % compliance) were the way of handwashing and the practice of keeping containers elevated off the ground before, during, and after harvesting. The microbiological analysis confirmed that, in a total of 36 fresh produce samples including mustard greens, cucumber, lettuce, and crown daisy, the number of samples positive for E. coli, Salmonella spp., and L. monocytogenes were 12, 2, and 10 respectively. Samples of hands and the irrigation water showed high contamination with E. coli. Based on identified gaps, risk communication tools were developed and distributed amongst farmers, sellers, and Da Nang food safety management authority (governmental organisation performing inspections in the traditional food markets). As intervention, two farmers and two sellers were trained in safe agricultural practices for the cultivation of fresh vegetables (managerial intervention) and instructed to use tap water as irrigation water instead of uncontrolled surface water (technological intervention). A post-assessment was conducted, including redoing the survey on good practices and microbiological analysis. The outcome of these interventions showed positive results in terms of good agricultural and hygienic practices resulting in improved hygiene levels and safety of the fresh produce. The findings from this research have the potential to provide a model for the development of a science-based risk management strategy in alternative food chains or geographic areas in emerging countries.