为了阐明自然界变化的时间方向(时间箭头),本文说明了为什么进化和不可逆性是两个不同的现象。它们独特的自然规律是构造定律和第二定律,分别。演示基于可以想象的最简单的设置:固体在水池中移动。视图是整体的:选择用于分析的系统是身体和游泳池,不仅仅是身体,这种现象是整体形象(构型)的演变。新的也是在这个不断发展的流动配置中流动的问题的答案。一路上,定义了重要术语:现象,法律,不可逆性,自然,设计,自由,理论与经验主义,信息,知识,选择,目的,发动机,制冷,和车轮。演示的更复杂的自然设置在文章的第二部分:引擎,制冷,加热和冷却,车轮,和一艘船在水面上滑动。
To clarify the place of time direction of change in nature (time arrow), the present article shows why Evolution and Irreversibility are two distinct phenomena. Their distinct laws of nature are the Constructal Law and the Second Law, respectively. The demonstration is based on the simplest setting imaginable: a solid body moving in a pool of water. The view is holistic: the system selected for analysis is the body and the pool, not the body alone, and the phenomenon is the evolution of the image (configuration) of the whole. New is also the answer to the question of what flows in this evolving flow configuration. Along the way, important terms are defined: phenomenon, law, irreversibility, nature, design,
freedom, theory versus empiricism, information, knowledge, selection, purpose, engine, refrigeration, and wheel. More complex natural settings for the demonstration are in the second part of the article: engines, refrigeration, heating and cooling, the wheel, and a pushed boat sliding on water.